Respiratory Flashcards
What inflammatory cells are associated with COPD?
neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 T cells
What inflammatory cells are associated with asthma?
Eosinophils, macrophages and CD4 T cells
In the lungs, what is the location and role of the M2 receptor?
Postganglionic, responsible for limiting production of Ach
Protect AGAINST bronchoconstriction
In the lungs, what is the role of M1 and M3 receptors?
responsible for bronchoconstriction and mucus production
These receptors are the targets of inhaled anticholinergic therapy
Which disease would be appropriate to consider monotherapy with an inhaled corticosteroid?
With asthma, BUT NOT with COPD
What medication combination is recommended for severe COPD?
An inhaled corticosteroid and a LABA
What are some side effects of systemic corticosteroids?
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia
Adrenal Suppression
Increased infections
Dermal Thinning
Psychosis
Peptic Ulcers
Leukotriene modifiers are used for the treatment of _______
Asthma, not COPD
Name two mast cell stabilizers that are used in the treatment of asthma
Cromolyn Sodium
Nedocromil
What is theophylline?
A phosphodiesterase inhibitor and mast cell stabilizer
It’s no longer a first line drug in asthma or COPD because of its side effect profile
What are the most common side effects of theophylline?
Headache
N/V/D
GERD
Restlessness
Diuresis
Which IV anesthetics are bronchodilators?
Ketamine, propofol, midazolam
Of these, propofol is the most effective
Which anesthetic agents impact hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?
All of the volatile anesthetics do
None of the IV anesthetics do
Which inhaled anesthetic has the least impact on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?
Sevo
Which inhaled anesthetic impact HPV the most?
Nitrous oxide. It should not be used.
