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Pathoma > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

nasal polyps associated with ___ and ___ ___

A

CF
ASA-intolerant asthma

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2
Q

nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with ___

A

EBV

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3
Q

hoarse “barking” cough and inspiratory stridor. Dx?

A

parainfluenza virus
(laryngotracheobrochitis)

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4
Q

aspiration pneumonia bacteria

A

klebsiella

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5
Q

most common bacteria of secondary pneumonia

A

s aureus

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6
Q

legionella

A

intracellular bacteria
water source

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7
Q

second most common cause of interstitial pneumonia

A

chlamydia

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8
Q

most common cause of interstitial pneumonia in infants

A

RSV

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9
Q

Q fever

A

no rash
hepatitis

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10
Q

where is aspiration pneumonia abscess most often found?

A

right lower lobe

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11
Q

reid index

A

represents hypertrophy of bronchial mucous glands (> 50% in CB)

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12
Q

disseminated TB most often involves what?

A

meninges at the base of the brain

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13
Q

smokers have ___ emphysema

A

centriacinar (upper lobes)

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14
Q

where is A1AT accumulate in panacinar emphysema?

A

hepatocyte ER

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15
Q

panacinar emphysema mutation

A

PiZ (or PiZZ)

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16
Q

what parameter is changed to create a barrel chest?

A

FRC (increased)

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17
Q

pathogenesis of asthma

A

Th2 subset secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-10

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18
Q

cytokines of asthma

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-10

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19
Q

second phase of asthma

A

LTs

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20
Q

last phase of asthma

A

major basic protein

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21
Q

charcot-leyden crystals are comprised of what?

A

major basic protein

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22
Q

restrictive disease values

A

FEV1/FEV increased
all others decreased

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23
Q

where does fibrosis most often occur?

A

interstitium

24
Q

Rx that can cause fibrosis

A

bleomycin
amiodarone

25
Q

where does fibrosis begin?

A

subpleural

26
Q

coal pneumoconiosis is associated with ___

A

RA

27
Q

anthracosis is from what?

A

pollution

28
Q

silicosis increases risk for ___

A

TB (inhibits phagolysome formation)

29
Q

berylliosis creates ___ ___

A

noncaseating granulomas

30
Q

ferruginous bodies are seen in what?

A

asbestosis
(long turd structures)

31
Q

asteroid body seen in what lung disease?

A

sarcoidosis

32
Q

elevated ACE
hypercalcemia
noncaseating granulomas
Dx?

A

sarcoidosis

33
Q

granulomatous reaction with eosinophilia that subsides with removal of antigen

A

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

34
Q

plexiform lesions are seen in what?

A

pulmonary HTN

35
Q

mutation of pulmonary HTN

A

BMPR2 inactivation

36
Q

ARDS are characterized by ___ ___ formation

A

hyaline membrane

37
Q

ARDS pathogenesis

A

neutrophil-mediated protease and free radical damage to both pneumocytes

38
Q

ARDS Tx

A

PEEP (prevent collapse)

39
Q

how does ARDS resolve

A

fibrosis

40
Q

NRDS associated with what?

A

prematurity
maternal diabetes
c-section delivery

41
Q

how to screen for NRDS?

A

L:S ratio (> 2 WNL)

42
Q

major component of surfactant

A

phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)

43
Q

most common cancer mortality

A

lung cancer

44
Q

___ and ___ increase risk for lung cancer
(in addition to smoking)

A

asbestos
radon

45
Q

small cell carcinoma located ___

A

centrally
(starts with S = centrally)

46
Q

adenocarcinoma located ___

A

peripherally
(NOT starting with S = peripherally)

47
Q

___ of the lung produces PTHrP

A

SCC

48
Q

large cell carcinoma

A

NOT resembling small cell or adenocarcinoma

49
Q

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma associated with what cells?

A

clara cells
(columnar growth in alveoli)

50
Q

breast and ___ cancers metastasize to the lungs

A

colon

51
Q

lung cancer likes to metastasize to the ___ ___

A

adrenal glands

52
Q

TNM

A

size
lymph nodes
metastasis

53
Q

pancoast tumor

A

located at the apex

54
Q

mesothelioma presents with what?

A

recurrent pleural effusions

55
Q

mesothelioma associated with ___ exposure

A

asbestos

Pathoma (12 decks)

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