RESPIRATORY Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
atmospheric air of lungs to blood
A
External
2
Q
gases from blood to cell
A
Internal
3
Q
the movement of the air into and out of
the lungs
A
Ventilation
4
Q
Diffusion of gases across the cell
membrane
A
Respiration
5
Q
Delivers oxygen to make ATP, ATP
get rids of toxic
A
Cellular Respiration
6
Q
too much CO2
A
Acidic
7
Q
too much O2
A
Alkalotic
8
Q
Normal pH
A
7.35 – 7.45
9
Q
Normal PaCO2
A
45-35
10
Q
Normal HCO3
A
22-26
11
Q
sinus can influence voice
A
Voice production
12
Q
under cranial nerve I
A
Olfaction
13
Q
covers all the mucus membrane
A
Protection
14
Q
nasal down to the larynx
A
Upper respiratory tract
15
Q
the one that is a visible structure &
composed of hyalin cartilage
A
External nose
16
Q
nostrils
A
Nares
17
Q
exterior opening to the pharynx
A
Choanae
18
Q
separates the oral cavity & supported
by bone
A
Hard palate
19
Q
increase the surface area of the mucosa
exposed to the air
A
Conchae
20
Q
drain tears from the eyes & empty into the nasal cavities
A
Nasolacrimal duct
21
Q
warms the air as it flows
A
Nasal cavity is lined with
respiratory mucosa
22
Q
destroy bacteria
▪ Paranasal sinuses (maxillary, sphenoid,
ethmoid, frontal)
A
Lysozyme enzymes in the
mucus
23
Q
muscular passageway about 13 cm
(5 inches)
A
Pharynx (throat)
24
Q
superior portion from the pharynx
to the uvula
A
Nasopharynx
25
middle portion of the pharynx & the
superior of the larynx
Oropharynx
26
softer portion of the root of the mouth
Soft palate
27
behind the soft palate; can be felt
by the tongue
Hard palate
28
valve that closes the
nasopharynx off when you eat to prevent food from going up to the nasopharynx
Soft palate + uvula
29
covers superior larynx, epiglottis, esophagus
Laryngopharynx
30
acts like a lid that seals the airway off
when you’re eating
Epiglottis
31
also known as the voice box
Larynx
32
shield cartilage, Adam’s apple, both women and men have it
Thyroid cartilage
33
single piece cartilage, wherein the rest of the cartilage rest and lies
Cricoid cartilage
34
found in the superior boarded of the posterior cartilage, provides articulation
Arytenoid cartilage
35
contains the mucus membrane anterior to the corniculate cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage-
36
in between the cuneiform and arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
37
houses the thyroid hormones
Parathyroid glands
38
Lower respiratory tract
- Trachea to alveoli
39
15-20 c-shaped rings made of hyaline
cartilage
Trachea
40
fight or flight; stimulates B2 adrenergic receptors to increase the diameter of the airways
Sympathetic nerves
41
rest & digest; stimulates muscarinic receptor to decrease diameter of the hair ways
Parasympathetic nerves
42
point where they split
Carina
43
Right lung has 3 lobes
upper lobe, middle lobe, lower lobe
44
Left lung has 2 lobes
upper lobe & lower lobe
45
secrete glycosaminoglycans
Club cells
46
it supplies each lobe of the lung that
is divided by fissures
Lumbar bronchi
47
tertiary bronchi
Segmental bronchi
48
– More smooth muscles, less cartilage
Bronchiole
49
More smooth muscles, no cartilage
Terminal bronchus
50
site of external respiration, over 500 million
alveoli are located in the lungs approximately 250 micrometer
Alveoli
51
protect the lungs from collapsing, air-water interface, reduce surface friction to keep the alveoli open, contains lipoprotein
Surfactant secreting cells
52
forms 90% of alveolar cells, most of the gas exchange occurs
Squamous epithelium cells
53
arise from the bronchus, door ways
to the alveoli (final destination of the inhaled air)
Alveolar duct
54
secretes surfactant; decreases
surface tension & keeps alveoli open;
regenerate & replace damaged cells
Type II
55
eat away the foreign particles
Alveolar macrophages
56
connects to more alveoli at the
end of the alveolar duct
Alveolar sacs
57
space enclosed by the Jurassic wall
and the
Thoracic cavity
58
occupy the entire thoracic activity; primary
organ for respiration
Lungs
59
lower portion, base portion of the lungs
Diaphragm
60
apex, upper portion of the lungs
Clavicle
61
– root of the lung
Helium
62
– located in the left lung, provides
room for the heart, 10 inches
Cardiac Notch
63
keeper of the heart, 10 inches
Left lung
64
– each pleural cavity houses each lung
Pleural cavity
65
– lines the thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
66
surface of each lung is covered with its own visceral serosa
Visceral or pulmonary pleura
67
sum of 2 or more volumes
Capacity
68
diaphragm contracts
Inhale
69
Muscle relax
Exhale
70
➔ Air into and out of the lungs
Tidal volume (500 mL)
71
Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled
beyond tidal expiration
Expiratory reverse volume (1100 mL at rest)
72
➔ Air still remaining in the respiratory passage and cannot be voluntarily expelled
➔ Allows gas exchange to go on continuously even between breaths and helps to keep the alveoli open (inflated)
Residual volume (1200 mL)
73
Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly above the tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume (3000 mL)
74
– summation of the 2-3 of the volumes
Pulmonary capacity
75
Inspiratory capacity
TV + IRV
76
Vital capacity
IRV + TV + ERV (4600 mL)
77
Total lung capacity
– RV + RRV + TV + IRV (5800 Ml)
78
Functional residual capacity
RV + ERV (2300 mL)
79
➔ Dorsal respiratory group
➔ Ventral respiratory group
Medulla respiratory center
80
establishing the rhythm of
the respirations
Pre-Botzinger complex
81
regulates respiratory rate
(12-16 cycles per minute)
Pontine respiratory group
82
more oxygen is in the lungs than the release of carbon dioxide
Hyperventilation
83
– decrease oxygen in the tissue
Hypoxia
84
decreased oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia
85
controls the capacity in the lungs to not
over-inflate
Hering- Breur
86
– buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
stream
Hypercapnia
87
– decreased in alveolar & blood carbon
dioxide
Hypocapnia
88
common type of pulmonary function or
breathing test
Spirometry
89
– diagnostic device that measures the
amount of air you're able to breathe in and out
▪ Spirometer
90
– rapid breathing
Tachypnea
91
low breathing pattern
Bradypnea
92
groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of
apnea (which is a temporary stop in breathing)
Biot’s breathing pattern
93
– stokes pattern – gradual increase in depth and sometimes speed of respiration (inhaling and exhaling), followed by a decrease resulting in temporary stop in breathing known as apnea
Cheyne
94
