Respiratory

Question 1

respiration

Answer 1

exchange of gasses between organism and its environment

Question 2

internal respiration

Answer 2

between blood and cells of body

Question 3

external respiration

Answer 3

between blood and alveolar air

Question 4

airway leading to alveoli

Answer 4

pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli

Question 5

lunges surrounded by pleural sac

Answer 5

pressure between sac and lungs = -4 mm Hg (intrapleural pressure)

Question 6

transpulmonary pressure

Answer 6

keeps lungs from collapsing
= diff between intrapleural and alveolar pressure

Question 7

ventilation

Answer 7

exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli

Question 8

inspiration

Answer 8

contraction of diagram and external intercostal muscles
- incr intrathoracic V causing decr of alveolar pressure
- air moves from environ to lungs
continues until alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure

Question 9

expiration

Answer 9

• normally passive
• elastic recoil of muscle and CT of thorax
• thoracic cavity decr to original dimensions
• decr lung vol incr alveolar pressure
• air moves out of lungs until alv = atm pressure

Question 10

Tidal Volume

Answer 10

normal resting breathing (around 500mL)

Question 11

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 11

amt of air forcibly expired after normal expiration (1500 mL)

Question 12

Residual Volume

Answer 12

amt of air always remains in lungs (1000 mL)

Question 13

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 13

amt of air forcibly inspired after normal inspiration (3000 mL)

Question 14

Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 14

IRV + TV + 3500 mL

Question 15

Vital Capacity

Answer 15

amt of air maximally expired after max inspiration (5000 mL)

Question 16

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 16

VC + RV = 6000 mL

Question 17

Minute Ventilation

Answer 17

amt of air moved in and out of lungs per minute
TV x Resp Rate

Question 18

Anatomic Dead Space

Answer 18

segment of airways that don’t allow gaseous exchange

Question 19

Alveolar ventilation

Answer 19

volume of fresh air entering alveoli per min

Question 20

Alveolar dead space

Answer 20

alveoli with inadequate blood supply

Question 21

physiological dead space

Answer 21

anatomic + alveolar dead space

Question 22

during tissue metabolism

Answer 22

o2 consumed = co3 produced

Question 23

Respiratory Quotient

Answer 23

relative amt of O2 consumed and CO2 produced (CO2/O2)

Question 24

RQ depends on

Answer 24

depends on food substrate used to produce ATP
- CHO = 1.0
- protein = 0.8
- fat = 0.7

Question 25

O2 added and CO2 leaving pulmonary circuit equals

Answer 25

O2 consumed and CO2 produced by tissues

Question 26

Partial Pressures

Answer 26

total pressure = sum of partial pressure of individual gases

Question 27

Dalton's Law

Answer 27

in a mix of gasses, pressure of each gas is independent of the others

Question 28

atmospheric gas pressure at sea level

Answer 28

760 mm Hg PO2 = 160 mmHg PCO2 = 0.3 mmHg

Question 29

alveolar gas pressure

Answer 29

determines pressure in arterial blood PO2 = 105 mmHg PCO2 = 40 mmHg

Question 30

venous systemic blood gas pressure

Answer 30

PO2 = 40 mmHg PCO2 = 46 mmHg

Question 31

difference in partial pressure causes diffusion so...

Answer 31

arterial PO2 + PCO2 = alveolar partial pressure

Question 32

to ensure proper gas exchange between pulmonary capillaries and alveoli

Answer 32

air supply must = blood supply ventilation = perfusion

Question 33

perfusion

Answer 33

passage of bodily fluids thru circulatory/lymphatic system to get to tissue

Question 34

diffusion of gasses in internal respiration

Answer 34

happens between capillary bloods and interstitial fluid

Question 35

O2 transport in blood

Answer 35

1. dissolved in plasma (.3 mL) 2. reversibly combined w/ Hb (197 mL)

Question 36

PO2 in blood determines

Answer 36

saturation of Hb w/ O2

Question 37

Metabolic factors affecting O2/Hb dissociation curve

Answer 37

PCO2, [H+], 2,3DPG, temperature (all shift curve right)

Question 38

CO2 transport in blood

Answer 38

1. dissolved in plasma/RBCs (10%) 2. combined w/ Hb/other proteins (30%) 3. carried in HCO3 (30%)

Question 39

regulation of ventilation

Answer 39

- pattern controlled by medulla - peripheral and central chemoreceptors sensitive to arterial [O2], [CO2], [H+]

Question 40

ventilation NOT controlled by arterial dissolved PO2

Answer 40

ONLY if PO2 decreases below 60 mmHg

Question 41

chemoreceptors sensitive to PO2

Answer 41

peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid, aortic)

Question 42

PCO2 in arterial blood

Answer 42

major stimulate of ventilation - 2-5 mmHg increase doubles ventilation

Question 43

Lung disease

Answer 43

increases pCO2 = stims greater ventilation

Question 44

ability of CO2 to regulate ventilation

Answer 44

mainly due to production of H+

Question 45

factors that increase ventilation during exercise

Answer 45

increased temperature, epinephrine, N impulses from movement