RESPIRATORY

Question 1

Define rhinitis.

Answer 1

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose.

Question 2

Define sinusitis.

Answer 2

Inflammation of the lining of the sinuses.

Question 3

Define laryngitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of the larynx.

Question 4

Define tonsillitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the tonsils.

Question 5

Define pharyngitis.

Answer 5

Inflammation of the pharynx.

Question 6

Define pneumonia.

Answer 6

Inflammation of lungs & airways.
Bacterial/viral infection.

Question 7

Define pleurisy.

Answer 7

Inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs.

Question 8

Term used for nasal haemorrhage?

Answer 8

Epistaxis

Question 9

Term used for difficulty of breathing?

Answer 9

Dyspnoea

Question 10

Term used for cessation of breathing?

Answer 10

Apnoea

Question 11

Term used for an increased respiratory rate?

Answer 11

Tachypnoea

Question 12

Define orthopnoea

Answer 12

More severe dyspnoea.
The animal requires specific positional orientation in order to breathe.

Question 13

Define cyanosis

Answer 13

Blue mucous membranes due to a lack of oxygen.

Question 14

What is pneumothorax?

Answer 14

Occurs when air accumulates in the pleural space.

Question 15

What is haemothorax?

Answer 15

Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity.

Question 16

What is hydrothorax?

Answer 16

Accumulation of serous fluid in the pleural cavity.

Question 17

What is chylothorax?

Answer 17

Accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity.

Question 18

What is pyothorax?

Answer 18

Accumulation of puss in the pleural cavity.

Question 19

What is pulmonary oedema?

Answer 19

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs.

Question 20

Define acute respiratory disease/distress.

Answer 20

A failure of the lungs to oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 21

Name some causes of acute respiratory distress.

Answer 21

Trauma
Airway obstruction
Paralysis of respiratory muscles
Poisoning
Gastric torsion
Pulmonary embolism
Neoplasia
Anaesthesia
Pneumonia

Question 22

What is COPD -
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 22

Long term condition that affects the lower respiratory system.
Affects the bronchi, bronchioles & sometimes the alveoli.
Results in persistent inflammation causing blockages & resulting in reactive changes in the lungs.

Question 23

Name a few conditions causing COPD

Answer 23

Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary oedema
Feline asthma
Lungworm
Neoplasia
Dental disease
Air pollutants

Question 24

Clinical signs of COPD

Answer 24

Productive or non-productive cough
Wheezing
Tachypnoea
Exercise intolerance
Cyanosis
Syncope

Question 25

What is Laryngeal paralysis?

Answer 25

Muscles that hold the larynx open during inspiration become paralysed and the larynx collapses as the dog tries to breathe in.

Question 26

Clinical signs of laryngeal paralysis.

Answer 26

Marked dyspnoea Stridor on inspiration (audible whistling noise) Exercise intolerance Cyanosis Hyperthermia

Question 27

What is BOAS?

Answer 27

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Caused by airway obstruction secondary to the abnormal anatomy.