Respiratory

Question 1

Antitussives (cough suppressant)
Dextromethophan, hydromorphone

Answer 1

Suppresses cough reflex in brainstem, and can be opioid based or non-opioid - treats coughs; side effects include sedation, dizziness, GI upset, tolerance

Question 2

Decongestants (-rine, -line)
Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE), Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

Answer 2

Stimulates Alpha-1 receptors to relieve congestion by constricting vessels and reducing swelling in sinuses - treats common cold symptoms; side effects include dizziness, nausea, headache, CV irregularities

Question 3

Antihistamines (-mine, -zine, -dine)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Answer 3

Inhibits histamine that contributes to allergic reactions - treats seasonal allergies, cold symptoms; side effects include sedation, dizziness, blurred vision, incoordination, risk of falls

Question 4

Mucolytics and expectorants (-mu)

Answer 4

Reduces viscosity of mucus and helps with expulsion - treats common cold symptoms, pneumonia, bronchitis, CF; side effects are rare

Question 5

Beta agonist (-ol)

Answer 5

Stimulates Beta-2 receptors for bronchodilation - treats COPD, asthma, CF; side effects include bronchial constriction, cardiac irregularities, nervousness

Question 6

Xanthine derivatives (-phyllin)

Answer 6

Promotes bronchodilation - treats COPD, asthma; side effects include narrow TI window leading to toxicity, restlessness, cardiac arrythmia, irritability and confusion

Question 7

Anticholinergics (-tropium)

Answer 7

Promotes bronchodilation by inhibiting Ach on the lungs - treats asthma and COPD; side effects include blurred vision, dry mouth, tachycardia, confusion

Question 8

Glucocorticoids (-nide, -sone)

Answer 8

Increases anti-inflammatory proteins to decrease inflammation - treats COPD, CF; side effects include skin tears, poor wound healing, myopathy, hyperglycemia (may lead to DM)

Question 9

Cromones (-cromo)

Answer 9

Prophylactically prevents bronchoconstriction - treats asthma; side effects are rare

Question 10

Leukotrine inhibitors (-lukast)

Answer 10

Inhibits leukotrines from creating an inflammatory response - treats allergies and asthma; side effects may include liver dysfunction