Respiratory

Question 0

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 0

The volume that can be inspired over and above tidal volume.

Used during exercise

Question 1

What is tidal volume?

Answer 1

Volume inspired and expired with each normal breath

Question 2

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 2

The volume that can be expired after expiration of tidal volume

Question 3

What is residual volume?

Answer 3

Volume that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

Cannot be measured by spirometry

Question 4

What is anatomical dead space?

Answer 4

Volume in conducting airways

Question 5

What is inspiratory capacity?

Answer 5

TV + IRV

Question 6

What is functional residual capacity?

Answer 6

Is the volume remaining in the lungs when a tidal volume is expired
ERV + RV
Cannot be measured by spirometry

Question 7

What is vital capacity or forced vital capacity ?

Answer 7

The volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration
TV + IRV + ERV

Question 8

What is total lung capacity?

Answer 8

The sum of all 4 lung volumes
Is the volume in the lungs after maximal inspiration
Cannot be measured by spirometry

Question 9

What is the forced expiratory volume FEV1?

Answer 9

The volume of air that can be expired in the 1st second of a forced maximal expiration

Question 10

What do the internal intercostal a do during respiration?

Answer 10

Pull ribs downward and inward

Question 11

What is the most important muscle for inspiration?

Answer 11

Diaphragm

Question 12

What is compliance ?

Answer 12

The distensibility of lung and chest wall

Question 13

What happens to lung compliance in emphysema ?

Answer 13

1. Lung compliance is increased

2. Tendency for lung to collapse is decreased

Question 14

Where are beta 2 adrenoreceptors ?

Answer 14

Lungs

Question 15

What shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right?

Answer 15

1. Increase in carbon dioxide
2. Increase in temperature
3. Increase in H (reduced pH)
4. Increase in 2,3 - diphosphoglycerate

Question 16

What does IPPV do?

Answer 16

1. Increase mean airway pressure
2. Increase pulmonary vascular resistance and decrease pre load
3. Increase ADH secretion, decrease CO, decrease renal blood flow and UO

Question 17

What is the peak expiratory flow volume?

Answer 17

520-700l/min

Question 18

What is the total lung capacity?

Answer 18

5-6.5L

Question 19

What is FRC?

Answer 19

2 - 3L

Question 20

What is TV?

Answer 20

500 - 700ml

Question 21

What are central chemoreceptors sensitive to?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide

Question 22

What are peripheral chemoreceptors sensitive to?

Answer 22

Oxygen

Question 23

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors?

Answer 23

1. Aortic body - located in the wall of the arch of aorta

2. Two nodular carotid bodies in left and right common carotid arteries

Question 24

How much blood volume can the pulmonary vessels accommodates and the normal resting conditions

Answer 24

500 mL

Question 25

Valsalva manoeuvre

Answer 25

1. Expiring forcibly against a closed glottis 2. Decrease venous return to right atrium - decrease diastolic filling to right atrium 3. Diminished pulse pressure 4. Decreased CO 5. When sustained - mild tachycardia and rise in diastolic BP

Question 26

1/2 life of carboxyhaemoglobin in 100% O2

Answer 26

30min