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Path 425 > Respiratory 3 > Flashcards

Respiratory 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the 2 hit theory of BRDC?

A

that first the animal is infected with a virus like BRSV PI-3 IBR or BVDV and then that virus causes damage allowing bacteria to creep in like mannheimia haemolytica pasteurella multocida histophilus somni and mycoplasma bovis

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2
Q

enzootic pneumonia of calves affects animals that

A

are less than 6 months old, housed indoors, a dairy calf

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3
Q

what will you see on post mortem with enzootic pneumonia

A

bronchopneumonia

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4
Q

how does bovine respiratory syncytial virus cause disease

A

the virus impairs function of the alveolar macrophages leading to bacterial infections

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5
Q

what does BRSV cause

A

a bronchointerstitial pneumonia

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6
Q

manheimia haemolytica is a _______ bacteria of the nasopharynx that causes __________

A

commensal, pneumonic manheimiosis

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7
Q

what are the gross lesions of mannheimia pneumonia

A

cranioventral bronchpneumonia with abundant fibrin, on cut section their are coagulative areas of necrosis

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8
Q

why do you see “oat cells” on histo with mannheimia pneumonia

A

mannheimia haemolyticia produces a leukotoxin that lysis neutrophils and these apparently look like oats

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9
Q

one is one difference between pneumonia caused by p. multocida and m. heamolytica

A

p. multocida does not cause coagulative necrosis

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10
Q

histophilus somni can cause several conditions but

A

only one condition is usually present in any one animal

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11
Q

what can h. somni cause

A

bronchopneumonia and pleuritis, pericarditis, polyarthritis, thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

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12
Q

what are mycoplasmas

A

the smallest free living self replicating organisms that LACK A CELL WALL

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13
Q

how do mycoplasmas impair the respiratory tract

A

they adhere to the ciliated epithelium and cause ciliostasis- thus the mucocillary apparatus stops working

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14
Q

what is the most common mycoplasma in cattle, what disease syndromes does it cause

A

mycoplasma bovis

pneumonia, polyarthritis, otitis media, mastitis

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15
Q

secondary colonization of what pathogen is common with mycoplasm bovis

A

trueperella pyogenes

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16
Q

what gross lesions will you see with mycoplasma bovis

A

caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia

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17
Q

other than cattle, who else does mycoplasma bovis severely affect

A

bison

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18
Q

what are mycobacteria

A

non-motile, non-spore forming coccobacilli that must be stained with acid fast stain

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19
Q

what are the big 3 mycobacteria diseases in vet med

A
  1. TB
  2. johnes
  3. leprosy
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20
Q

what is the gross lesion associated with tb

A

the tubercle- nodular granuloma that is often mineralized

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21
Q

what are the 3 characteristic features of a tubercle on histo

A
  1. central necrosis
  2. small numbers of bacteria
  3. rim epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells
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22
Q

tb causes what type of pneumonia

A

granulomatous

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23
Q

tb in cattle is caused by

A

mycobacterium bovis and tuberculosis

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24
Q

what are the wildlife reservoirs in Canada for tb

A

cervids and bison

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25
fog fevers actual name is
acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema
26
what causes fog fever, when is it likely to occur
3-methylindole toxicity- a toxic metabolite from l-tryptophan occurs in the fall when cattle are moved onto lush pasture, about 4-10 days after
27
what are the gross lesions of fog fever
foam in the trachea, interstitial pneumonia , interbular and bullous emphysema
28
lung worm infection by Dictyocaulus viviparus causes what kind of pneumonia in cattle
granulomatous
29
parasitic pneumonia in small ruminants is caused by
muelleris capillaris
30
true or false the most common bacteria causes of pneumonia in small ruminants are the same as in cows
true
31
what do lentiviruses do in small ruminants
cause slowly progressive disease with no immune supression
32
what are the 2 lentiviruses discussed in lecture that affect goats and sheep
ovine progressive pleuropneumonia (OPP) caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAEV)
33
OPP is transmitted mainly through
colostrum
34
what are the gross lesions of OPP
heavy pale lungs that fail to collapse, rubbery textured lungs, caudal lobes mostly affected
35
what are the two main clinicopathologic forms of CAEV
in adults animals viral infection is associated with arthritis in young 2-4 month old individuals neurologic disease
36
what is the name for the condition that is a contagious retroviral pulmonary carcinoma mostly affected sheep
ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
37
in the PRDC, what are the 3 most common viruses, and what are the 3 most common bacteria
viruses: - procine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus - post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrom (porcine circovirus 2) -swine influenza virus bacteria: mycoplasma hypneumoniae - actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae pasteruella multocida
38
what kind of pneumonia does actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause? what is unique about this specific pneumonia
fibrinous bronchopneumonia- different because in mainly affects the middle or caudal lobe, bronchopneumonia's have a cranioventral pattern
39
what causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
40
what are the gross lesions of enzootic pneumonia
red tan gray cranioventral lobular discoloration, rubbery firm texture
41
PRRSV causes what gross lesions in the lungs
lungs fail to collapse- typical features of interstitial pneumonia
42
clusters of alveoli that contain necrotic alveolar macrophages and aggregates of free chromatin on histo suggest
PRRS infection
43
what is the most consistent gross lesion with porcine circovirus 2 infection
lymphadenopathy
44
why are pigs considered mixing pots for influenza viruses
because they have cell surface receptors for avian human and swine influenza strains
45
what gross lesions do you see with SIV
bronchopneumonia, large edematous lymohnodes
46
define equine recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)
airway hyper responsiveness with neutrophilic airway inflammation in creased mucus production and bronchoconstriction
47
is airway obstruction caused by rao irreversible or reversible
reversible- caused by bronchospasm
48
roa targets
small bronchioles and caudorsal lung
49
what are the 3 important disease presenations with rhodococcus equi
1. enteritis 2. polyarthritis 3. pneumonia
50
what are the gross lesions of r. equi,
pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia with tan firm raised coalescing nodules
51
equine bronchopneumonia is an opportunistic pneumonia commonly due to
aspiration of normal flora of the upper resp tract
52
what is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi? what pneumonia does this cause
its the equine lung worm, and causes granulomatous pneumonia
53
kennel cough is the common name for
canine infectious respiratory disease complex
54
what are the viral pathogens associated with CIRD
canine parainfluenxa , canine respiratory cornoavirus, canine adenocirus type 2 canine herpes virus 1
55
whats the most common bacterial pathogen associated with CIRDC
BORDETELLA BROCNHISEPTICA
56
which pathogen assocaited with CIRDC is also associated with fading puppy syndrome
canine herpesvirus 1
57
what is canine distemper virus and what animals does it infect
a morbilivirus that affects carnivores like canids and mustelids (fereets and mink) procyonids (raccoons) (pinnipeds (seals) felids (lions)
58
what do you see clinically with distemper virus
systemic disease with pathology in the resp, gi, and CNS, also maybe skin lesions, issues with teeth and eyes or abortion
59
what kind of pneumonia does distemper cause
interstitial
60
what are the characteristic histo lesions associated with distemper
cytoplasmic and intranucleat inclusions within epithelial cells and epithelial syncytia
61
what are the big 4 systemic mycoses, what is important to remember about them
1. blastomyces dermatitidis 2. coccidioides immitis 3. cryptococcus neofarmans (and gatti) 4. histoplasma capsulatum all are zoonotic and all are primary pathogens, the hyphal/ mold form is infectious
62
what kind on pneumonia does canine herpes virus cause
bronchointersitial
63
which fungus causes Blastomycosis, what are the symptoms
blatomyces dermatitdis, can cause infection of the resp system, systemic infection or may be cutaneous (less common)
64
what is the most common cause of systemic mycotic disease in cats
cryptococcosis
65
what are the signs of cryptococcosis
upper resp tract infection, encephalitis
66
on histo, histoplasma organisms are found
within macrophages
67
what is the name for heart worm, clinical signs
dirofilaria immitis, pulmonary hypertension
68
what are the viral and bacterial pathogens for the feline resp disease complex
FHV1 Fcalici virus chlamydia felis
69
asthma is defined by
reversible airway obstruction

Path 425 (7 decks)

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