Respiratory-4

Question 1

at steep area of curve, a small reduction in po2 results in

Answer 1

large increase in unloading

Question 2

areas of the body with lowest po2 are the most

Answer 2

o2 deprived

Question 3

right shifts __ unloading

Answer 3

increase

Question 4

left shifts __ unloading

Answer 4

decrease

Question 5

left shifts __ loading

Answer 5

favor

Question 6

when under conditions of low o2 (hypoxia) you produce more

Answer 6

dpg

Question 7

dpg favors

Answer 7

unloading

Question 8

right shift favors

Answer 8

unloading

Question 9

anemia results in __ production

Answer 9

dpg

Question 10

compound produced by rbcs in response to hypoxia

Answer 10

dpg

Question 11

fetal hb __ shifted as compared to adult hb

Answer 11

left

Question 12

can fetal hb bind dpg

Answer 12

no

Question 13

when does adult hb production begin

Answer 13

at birth

Question 14

where is total arterial o2 context found

Answer 14

dissolved in plasma & bound to hb

Question 15

o2 bound to hb determined by

Answer 15

% saturation of hb X total # of binding sites

Question 16

total # of binding sites depends on

Answer 16

hb content per rbc & # of rbcs

Question 17

% saturation of hb affected by

Answer 17

ph, co2, temp & dpg

Question 18

o2 dissolved in plasma influenced by

Answer 18

composition of inspired air, alveolar ventilation, o2 diffused between alveoli & blood, & adequate perfusion of alveoli

Question 19

alveolar ventilation affected by

Answer 19

rate/depth breathing, airway resistance, & lung compliance

Question 20

o2 diffusion between alveoli & blood affected by

Answer 20

SA & diffusion distance

Question 21

diffusion distance affected by

Answer 21

membrane thickness & amount of interstitial fluid

Question 22

S hb aka

Answer 22

sickled hb

Question 23

cause of sickling

Answer 23

substitution of a single amino acid (valine for glutamate)

Question 24

more sickling results in

Answer 24

lowered o2 delivery

Question 25

sickle trait can be homozygous or heterozygous

Answer 25

t

Question 26

muscle myoglobin similar to

Answer 26

hb

Question 27

how many heme groups in muscle myoglobin

Answer 27

4

Question 28

muscle myoglobin has __ affinity for o2 than hb

Answer 28

higher

Question 29

o2 released only when po2 low or high

Answer 29

very low

Question 30

o2 released during systole or diastole

Answer 30

systole

Question 31

do2 hb has __ affinity for co2 than oxygenated hb

Answer 31

greater

Question 32

co2 a bi-product of

Answer 32

metabolism

Question 33

what are the forms in which co2 is transported

Answer 33

as carbonic acid & ultimately bicarb, as carbamino compounds, & as dissolved gas

Question 34

how is co2 transported as carbonic acid & ultimately bicarb?

Answer 34

co2 enters rbc -> combines w h2o -> converts to carbonic acid -> carbonic acid dissociates into bicarb & a h ion

Question 35

__% of co2 carried as carbonic acid & ultimately bicarb

Answer 35

70

Question 36

co2 catalyzed by what enzyme which is found in huge quantities in rbc

Answer 36

carbonic anhydrase

Question 37

__% of co2 binds to hb

Answer 37

23

Question 38

co2 binds same site as o2

Answer 38

false; completely diff site

Question 39

o2 & co2 do not compete w each other

Answer 39

t

Question 40

what form of hb has affinity for co2

Answer 40

do2 form of hb

Question 41

__% of co2 exists dissolved in plasma aka

Answer 41

7; pco2

Question 42

co2 loading refers to

Answer 42

getting it out of tissues & bringing it to lungs to get rid of it

Question 43

tissue fluid contains high amounts of

Answer 43

co2

Question 44

most co2 reacts w

Answer 44

water to form bicarb & h ions

Question 45

occurs slowly in plasma but quick in rbc due to presence of

Answer 45

carbonic anhydrase

Question 46

antiporter (chloride-bicard exchanger) pumps __ out of rbc in exchange for __ in

Answer 46

bicarb; chloride

Question 47

h ions buffered by

Answer 47

binding to deoxy hb

Question 48

rate of co2 loading adjusted by need

Answer 48

t

Question 49

person in high demands would have __ deoxy hb than person at rest

Answer 49

more

Question 50

deoxy hb binds h ions __ than oxy hb

Answer 50

better

Question 51

deoxy hb binds co2 __ than oxy hb

Answer 51

better

Question 52

in the lungs, hb binds

Answer 52

o2

Question 53

in the lungs, hb binding o2 results in

Answer 53

lowered affinity for h & co2

Question 54

h binds bicard to form

Answer 54

carbonic acid

Question 55

carbonic acid dissociates into

Answer 55

co2 & h2o

Question 56

co2 diffuses from blood into alveoli & gets

Answer 56

exhaled

Question 57

the co2 that was bound to hb when it was do2, gets __ once hb gets o2

Answer 57

dropped

Question 58

the more co2 you have, the more __ you are

Answer 58

acidic

Question 59

what system helps maintain proper acid-base bal by helping you get rid of co2 loads

Answer 59

respiratory

Question 60

acidosis results in

Answer 60

hyperventilation

Question 61

alkalosis results in

Answer 61

hypoventilation

Question 62

bicarb is a

Answer 62

base

Question 63

respiratory acidosis & alkalosis caused by

Answer 63

abnormal co2 levels

Question 64

metabolic acidosis & alkalosis caused by

Answer 64

abnormal bicarb levels

Question 65

metabolic acidosis bicarb too

Answer 65

low

Question 66

metabolic alkalosis bicarb too

Answer 66

high

Question 67

can get it from iv, antacid use, or vomiting (losing stomach acid)

Answer 67

metabolic alkalosis

Question 68

can get it from being diabetic aka ketoacidosis or from diarrhea

Answer 68

metabolic acidosis

Question 69

if you know someones bicarb & co2 levels you can calculate their

Answer 69

ph

Question 70

resp component refers to

Answer 70

co2 blood concentration; regulated by lungs

Question 71

metabolic component refers to

Answer 71

bicarb blood concentration; regulated by kidneys