Respiratory Flashcards
(29 cards)
symptoms of pneumonia
fever
cough
dyspnoea
chest pain
Community acquired pneumonia score
CURB65
Confusion Urea >7mmol/l Resp rate >30/min Blood pressure; systolic <90 or diastolic ≤60 Age >65
Investigations for pneumonia
CXR FBC electrolytes urea blood glucose ABG blood culture sputum culture
Treatment for Comm Acquired pneumonia
macrolide/tetracycline
fluoroquinolone or combination therapy if drug resistant
Treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia
empirical AB therapy
if gram +ve; vancomycin, linezolid, naficillin
if gram -ve; gentamicin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacen
Describe treatment for aspiration pneumonia
positional drainage
oropharyngeal suctioning
levofloxacin/ceftriaxone
symptoms of tuberculosis
cough fever anorexia night sweats pleuritic chest pain haemoptysis
Investigations for tuberculosis
CXR
Sputum culture
FBC
treatment for tuberculosis
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
4 for 2 months, 2 for 4 months
Side effects of rifampicin
orange urine
orange tears
reduced effectiveness of oral contraceptive
thrombocytopaenia
Side effects of izoniazid
peripheral neuropathy
reduced oral contraceptive effectiveness
Asthma symptoms
wheezing
dry cough
exertional dyspnoea
Investigations for asthma
spirometry
CXR
PEFR
Treatment for asthma
SABA ICA LABA Raise ICS LTRA high dose steroid
may add theophylline at steps 3 or 4
symptoms of COPD
cough
dyspnoea
barrel chest
hyperresonance on percussion
Investigations for COPD
spirometry pulse oximetry ABG CXR sputum culture
Treatment for COPD
short acting bronchodilator (salbutamol)
depending on severity + long acting
symptoms of pulmonary embolism
chest pain dyspnoea tachypnoea cough tachycardia fever
Investigations for pulm emb
Wells/Geneva score CT pulm angiography V/Q scan coagulation studies CXR ECG
Treatment for pulm emb
Resp support; O2 therapy IV fluids Vasoactive agents; norAd Anticoag; hep and warf thrombolysis may be given vit k antagonists
symptoms of pneumothorax
chest pain
dyspnoea
hyperexpanded ipsilateral hemithorax
Investigations for pneumothorax
CT chest
CXR
Treatment of tension pneumothorax
needle decompression
oxygen therapy
tube thoracotomy
Treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
O2 therapy
if breathless; percutaneous aspiration
