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Main diseases for each system > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

symptoms of appendicitis

A 
shifting central to R sided pain
nausea
vomiting
appetite loss
fever
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2
Q

Investigations of appendicitis

A

FBC
abdo/pelvic CT
urinary pregnancy test
Abdominal ultrasound

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3
Q

treatment of appendicitis

A

appendectomy + supportive care + IV Ab

If abscess; antibiotic IV + supportive care + appendectomy + drainage

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4
Q

Symptoms of acute pancreatitis

A 
abdo pain
nausea and vomiting 
anorexia
Grey Turner's Sign
Cullen sign
Fox's sign
Chvostek's sign
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5
Q

risk factors for acute pancreatitis

A

middle age woman
young-middle aged man
gallstones
alcohol

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6
Q

Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

A 
serum lipase/amylase
AST/ALT
FBC
CRP
abdo CT
MRCP
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7
Q

Treatment of acute pancreatitis

A

initial resus + analgesia + nutritional support

may give O2, antiemetic, calcium replacement, magnesium replacement, insulin

w/gallstones = cholecystectomy

w/gallstones and cholangitis = ERCP

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8
Q

Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis

A 
abdo pain
steatorrhoea
jaundice
weight loss
malnutrition
nausea/vomiting
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9
Q

Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis

A

FIRST LINE

  • blood glucose
  • CT, abdo US, abdo x-ray

SECOND LINE

  • EUS, ERCP, MRCP
  • faecal-elastase-1
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10
Q

treatment of chronic pancreatitis

A

Acute pain; analgesics

Alcohol and smoking cessation
analgesia and pancreatic enzymes

If limited to tail ca do distal pancreatectomy

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11
Q

symptoms of peptic ulcers

A 
abdo pain
nausea
vomiting
"pointing sign"
epigastric tenderness
early satiety
weight loss
anorexia
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12
Q

Investigations for peptic ulcers

A

Urea breath test
stool antigen test
upper GI endoscopy
FBC

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13
Q

Treatment for peptic ulcers

A

Active bleeding

  • endoscopy ± blood transfusion
  • PPI

Non-active bleeding, H Pylori positive
- clarithromycin + amoxicillin/metronidazole + PPI

Non-active bleeding, H Pylori negative

  • treat cause + PPI
  • second line H2 antagonist
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14
Q

symptoms of IBS

A

15% of adult population

abdo pain/discomfort
pain often relieved on defecation
altered bowel habits
abdo distension
mucus w/stool
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15
Q

Diagnosis of IBS

A 
FBC
stool studies
anti-endomysial antibodies
anti-tTG antibodies
hydrogen breath test
faecal calprotectin
CRP
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16
Q

Treatment of IBS

A

Constipation; life and diet mod
- laxatives
± antispasmodics
- second line SRRIs

Diarrhoeal; life and diet mod
- anti-diarrhoeals
± antispasmodic
- second line tricyclic antidepressants

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17
Q

symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A 
rectal bleeding
diarrhoea
blood in stool
abdo pain
arthritis
malnutrition
abdo tenderness
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18
Q

Diagnosis of Ulcerative colitis

A 
stool studies
FBC
metabolic panel
ESR, CRP
colonoscopy
LFTs
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19
Q

treatment of ulcerative colitis

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute

  • fulminant; admission + IV corticosteroids + IV fluids + infliximab, second line colectomy
  • severe non-fulminant; topical and oral mesalazine (aminosalicylate) + oral corticosteroids

Ongoing

  • remission; mesalazine (aminosalicylate), beclometasone
  • refractory; immunosuppressants
20
Q

symptoms of crohn’s disease

Study These Flashcards
A 
abdo pain
prolonged diarrhoea
perianal lesions
bowel obstruction
blood in stools
fever
fatigue
21
Q

Diagnosis of crohn’s

Study These Flashcards
A 
FBC
iron studies
serum B12
serum folate
abdo pelvic ultrasound
tissue biopsy; non-caseating granulomas
colonoscopy; cobblestoning and skip lesions
22
Q

treatment of crohn’s

Study These Flashcards
A

steroids i.e. prednisolone
liquid diet may help
immunosuppressants; azathioprine, methatrexate
biological medicines; adalimubab, infliximab (“umab”)

23
Q

symptoms of coeliac disease

Study These Flashcards
A 
IgA deficiency
diarrhoea
bloating
abdo pain/discomfort
osteoporosis
fatigue
weight loss

dermatitis herpetiforms

24
Q

Risk factors for coeliac disease

Study These Flashcards
A

1 % of population

FHx
IgA deficiency
type 1 diabetes
autoimmune thyroid disease

25
diagnosis of coeliac disease
``` FB and blood smear IgA-tTG endomyseal Ab skin biopsy histology; villous atrophy, crypt hypertrophy and raised lymphocytes ```
26
Treatment of coeliac disease
Gluten free diet Calcium + Vit D supplementation ± iron CRISIS; rehydration and correction of electrolyte abnormality, corticosteroid
27
describe coeliac crisis presentation
watery diarrhoea, hypovolaemia, acidosis, hypocalcaemia, hypoalbuminaeamia
28
symptoms of cholelithiasis
Postprandial pain RUQ/epigastric pain nausea jaundice
29
Investigations for cholelithiasis
FIRST LINE - FBC - LFT - serum lipase and amylase - abdominal US SECOND LINE - MRCP - EUS - ERCP
30
Treatment for cholelithiasis
symptomatic cholelithiasis = cholecystectomy Choledocholithiasis - ERCP - ballon dilatation, stenting
31
Symptoms of acute cholangitis
CHARCOT's triad fever jaundice abdo pain
32
Investigations of acute cholangitis
FBC Urea Creatinine ABG analysis LFTs CRP ERCP
33
treatment of ascending cholangitis
Acutely ill - IV ABs broad spectrum - biliary drainage i.e. ERCP
34
symptoms of primary sclerosing cholangitis
``` many asymptomatic pruritus fatigue weight loss fever jaundice ```
35
Diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
``` ALP GGT AST, ALT bilirubin albumin FBC abdo US MRCP ERCP ```
36
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis
pruritus relief | calcium and vitamin D supplementation
37
Symptoms of cholecystitis
``` abdo pain --> right shoulder tender abdomen deep breathing worsens pain jaundice nausea vomiting sweating appetite loss ``` Murphy's sign
38
Investigations for cholecystitis
FBC CRP LFTs RUQ US
39
Treatment of cholecystitis
Supportive care antibiotics NSAIDs Cholecystectomy
40
Symptoms of inguinal hernias
``` groin discomfort/pain groin mass abdo discomfort/pain nausea and vomiting constipation ```
41
Diagnosis of inguinal hernia
usually clinical | may do US of groin if unsure, CT scan
42
Treatment of inguinal hernia
small asymptomatic - watchful waiting large symptomatic - open mesh/laparoscopic repair
43
symptoms of liver cirrhosis
``` tired/weak nauseous appetite loss sex drive loss jaundice haemoptosis (coffee ground) pruritus melaena oedema ```
44
Signs of liver cirrhosis
``` clubbing palmar erythema spider naevi jaundiced sclera telangiectasia clubbing ```
45
Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis
``` LFTs GGT albumin reduced sodium reduced prothrombin time (long) platelet count (low) ``` Liver US, CT Liver biopsy
46
treatment of liver cirrhosis
Treat causative condition monitor for complications may need Na restriction, diuretic therapy eventual liver transplant

Main diseases for each system (12 decks)

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