Respiratory

Question 1

What does diminished breath sounds mean?

Answer 1

Decreased air entry

Reduction of intensity of breath sounds during auscultation

Question 2

What causes diminished breath sounds locally?

Answer 2

Paralysis of thoracic musculature
Collapsed lung
Pleural effusions
Bronchial occlusion

Question 3

What causes diminished breath sounds general sources?

Answer 3

Hyperinflation
Obesity
Hypoventilation

Question 4

What are adventitious sounds and some examples?

Answer 4

Any sound over the lung fields that are abnormal, crackles, wheezes, stridor, rales, pleural friction rub

Question 5

Name the adventitious sound: continuous, course rustling sound, narrowing of bronchi

Answer 5

Wheezes

Question 6

Name the adventitious sound: high pitched, severe, creaking sound, turbulent air flow

Answer 6

Stridor

Question 7

Name the adventitious sound: Rattling/crackling sounds, lower pitched, collapsed alveoli

Answer 7

Course crackles

Question 8

Name the adventitious sound: rales, brief popping high pitched collapsing of alveoli

Answer 8

Fine crackles

Question 9

Name the adventitious sound: squeaking/grating sound, loss of lubrication to pleural layers

Answer 9

Pleural friction rub

Question 10

List types of abnormal voice sounds

Answer 10

Bronchophony
Whispered pectoriloquy
Egophony

Question 11

What are three obstructive pulmonary diseases?

Answer 11

Sleep apnea
Asthma
COPD

Question 12

What is sleep apnea and where does it effect the body?

Answer 12

Upper airway obstruction during sleep

Question 13

What is COPD an umbrella term for?

Answer 13

Chronic bronchitis

Emphysema

Question 14

What is chronic bronchitis?

Answer 14

Affects airways 
Obstruction 
Chronic inflammation 
Excess mucous 
Decreased airflow and ventilation

Question 15

What is emphysema?

Answer 15

Over inflation 
Increased dead space 
CO2 retention 
Decreased 02
Increased RR

Question 16

What are risk factors for COPD?

Answer 16

Smoking
Age occupation
Previous resp disease

Question 17

What are common clinical manifestations for COPD?

Answer 17

Congested cough 
Dyspnea 
Activity intolerance 
Low O2
Increased RR
Wheezing 
Increased CO2 levels

Question 18

What is FVC an example of, what does it stand for, and what is it?

Answer 18

An example of pulmonary function testing. Forces vital capacity. It is the amount of air that can be quickly and forcefully exhaled after maximum inspiration

Question 19

What is normal FVC?

Answer 19

> 80%

Question 20

What does FEV1 stand for and what is it? What is the normal?

Answer 20

Amount of air exhaled in 1st second of FVC.>80%

Question 21

What are the symptoms of mild chronic bronchitis?

Answer 21

2 year coughing

Less than 3 months sputum

Question 22

What are the symptoms of mild emphysema?

Answer 22

None

Question 23

What are the symptoms of moderate chronic bronchitis?

Answer 23

Increased coughing/sputum

Recurrent chest infections or bronchitis

Question 24

What are the symptoms of moderate emphysema?

Answer 24

SOB

Question 25

What are symptoms of severe chronic bronchitis?

Answer 25

Wheezing Recurrent infections CHF symptoms Cyanosis

Question 26

What are symptoms of severe emphysema?

Answer 26

Severe SOB | Barrel shaped chest

Question 27

What are bronchodilators?

Answer 27

Long & short acting | Decreases bronchial construction & bronchospasm

Question 28

What are corticosteroids?

Answer 28

Lower inflammation in the body, improve FEV1

Question 29

What are anticholinergics?

Answer 29

Blocks the action of ach,decrease smooth muscle tightening

Question 30

When are Beta 2 agonists used?

Answer 30

During acute escalations (treat asthma), relaxes smooth muscle, bronchodilates

Question 31

What are non pharmaceutical interventions for COPD?

Answer 31

``` Pursed lip breathing Diaphragmatic breathing DB&C Chest percussion & vibration Postural drainage ```

Question 32

What is carbon dioxide narcosis?

Answer 32

CO2 poisoning or intoxication.

Question 33

What is the tx for carbon dioxide narcosis?

Answer 33

Titration supplemental O2 to lowest effective dose

Question 34

What is COPD related polycythemia?

Answer 34

abnormally elevated amount of RBC

Question 35

What causes COPD related polycythemia?

Answer 35

Low levels of O2

Question 36

What does COPD related polcythemia result in?

Answer 36

Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin

Question 37

What does COPD related polycythemia trigger?

Answer 37

Triggers the kidneys to abnormally produce erythropoietin

Question 38

What does COPD related polycythemia out the ot at risk for?

Answer 38

Blood clots

Question 39

What is cor pulmonale?

Answer 39

Abnormally increased pressure to the right side of the heart and arteries in the lungs

Question 40

What does cor pulmonale cause?

Answer 40

Right sided heart dysfunction

Question 41

What does cor pulmonale manifest as?

Answer 41

Chest pain, peripheral edema, organ dysfunction, jugular venous distension

Question 42

What is acute exacerbation of COPD?/ resp distress

Answer 42

An acute life threatening condition where the resp system has inadequate gas exchange

Question 43

What are the priority interventions of AECOPD?

Answer 43

``` reassess vs and ABC Semi Fowler’s Give O2 Assess resp system and neurological Administer bronchodilator/corticosteroids ```

Question 44

What are the clinical manifestations of asthma?

Answer 44

``` SOB Chest tightness Wheezing Coughing Prolonged expiratory phase ```