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Pediatrics > Respiratory conditions CROUP > Flashcards

Respiratory conditions CROUP Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS CROUP

A

INFECTION OF THE LARYNX AND TRACHEA

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2
Q

IS CROUP A VIRAL OR BACTERIAL INFECTION?

A

VIRAL

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3
Q

WHAT VIRAL INFECTION CAUSES CROUP?

A

PARAINFLUENZA

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4
Q

WHAT AGE GROUP IS CROUP COMMON IN?

A

6 MONTHS - 6 YEARS

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5
Q

HOW MANY TIMES IN A CHILDS CHILDHOOD CAN THEY GET CROUP?

A

SOME CAN HAVE 2 OR MORE BOUTS.

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6
Q

HOW IS CROUP SPREAD

A

CAN BE PASSED FROM PERSON TO PERSON ESPECIALLY WITH CLOSE CONTACT.

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7
Q

WHEN IS CROUP AT ITS HIGHEST ? AND DOES IT TEND TO AFFECT LOTS?

A

SPRING AND AUTUMN AND TENDS TO OCCUR IN OUTBREAKS.

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8
Q

CROUP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY?

A

VIRUS CAUSES SWELLING AND INFLAMMATION WHICH CAUSES THE UPPER AIRWAYS TO NARROW WHICH MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR THE CHILD TO BREATH.

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9
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

A

SEAL LIKE BARK
STRIDOR
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS - RECESSION
HOARSE VOICE/CRY
FEVER
RUNNY NOES
COUGH

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10
Q

WHAT IS STRIDOR?

A

INSPIRATORY NOISE

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11
Q

IS STRIDOR SLOW PROGRESSION OR RAPID?

A

RAPID

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12
Q

WHAT CAN STRIDOR LEAD TO? (TO DO WITH AIRWAY)

A

COMPLETE UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

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13
Q

STRIDOR CAN REDUCE THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE UPPER AIRWAY. BUT BY HOW MUCH?

A

10%

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14
Q

DOES THE VOLUME OF THE STRIDOR REPRESENT THE SEVERITY

A

NO

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15
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE NOISE OF THE STRIDOR WHEN RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION INCREASES?

A

NOICE WILL REDUCE DUE TO THE DECREASE IN AIR MOVEMENT

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16
Q

CROUP CLASSIFICATIONS ! WHAT SCALE IS USED

A

TAUSSIG

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17
Q

WHAT SCORE IS MILD CROUP ON THE TAUSSIG ?

A

1-2

18
Q

SYMPTOMS OF MILD CROUP

A

BARKING COUGH
STRIDOR NOT PRESENT OR IT CAN BE WHEN PT CRIES/EXERTS THEMSELVES
NO RECESSION OR CAN BE WHEN CRYING/EXERTING THEMSELVES.

19
Q

WHAT TAUSSIG SCORE IS MODERATE ?

A

3-4

20
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MODERATE CROUP?

A

BARKING COUGH
INSPIRATORY STRIDOR (USUALLY AT REST)
RECESSION
GENERAL INCREASED WORK OF BREATHING
ACTIVE/ALERT

21
Q

WHAT TAUSSIG SCORE IS SEVERE CROUP?

A

5-6

22
Q

SYMPTOMS OF SEVERE CROUP?

A

BARKING COUGH
PERSISTENT/ BIPHASIC SEVERE STRIDOR.
SEVERE RECESSION (BIPHASIC).
SEVERE INCREASED WORK OF BREATHING (TRACHEAL TUG).
APATHETIC.

23
Q

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR CROUP ?

A

EPIGLOTTITIS
FOREIGN BODY OBSTRUCTION
ANAPHYLAXIS
BLUNT TRAUMA
INHALATION OF HOT GASES (BURNS)

24
Q

CROUP MANAGEMENT. SHOULD A PATIENT WITH STRIDOR ME TRANSPORTED ?

A

YES

25
Q

CROUP MANAGEMENT -
HOW DO WE WANT TO APPROACH A CHILD WITH CROUP?

A

CALMLY AND GENTLY

26
Q

CROUP MANAGEMENT - WHAT POSITION DO WE WANT TO KEEP A CHILD WITH SUSPECTED CROUP IN?

A

UPRIGHT POSITION

27
Q

WHAT INTERVENTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH KIDS WITH CROUP?

A

MOST INTERVENTIONS WILL UPSET A CHILD WITH CROUP BUT AVOID:
- EXAMINING, NOES, THROAT AND EARS.
- BM
- CANNULATION
- NEBULISATION

28
Q

WHAT MEDICATIONS CAN BE GIVEN TO A PATIENT WITH CROUP?

A

STEROID - ORAL DEXAMETHASONE

29
Q

WHAT IS THE HALF LIFE FOR ORAL DEXAMETHASONE ?

A

36-54 HOURS.

30
Q

WHAT DOES ORAL DEXAMETHASONE RELIEVE

A

SUBGLOTTIC INFLAMMATION

31
Q

HOW IS DEXAMETHASONE GIVEN?

A

ORALLY

32
Q

WHAT DOES ORAL DEXAMETHASONE INHIBIT?

A

INHIBITS NFaB

33
Q

WHAT DOES INHIBITING NFaB PROMOTE?

A

CYTOKINE RELEASE

34
Q

WHAT ELSE IS INHIBITED WITH ORAL DEXAMETHASONE ?

A

Inhibits enzymes which covert Arocadonic Acid to prostaglandins and Leukocytes (inflammatory mediators)

35
Q

CONTRA-INDICATIONS OF DEXAMETHASONE

A

KNOWN HYPERSENSITIVITY TO DEXAMETHASONE OR ANY OF ITS EXCIPIENTS.

Impendingrespiratory failiure

upper airway comprimise (caution)

36
Q

SYMPTOMS OF IMPENDING RESPIRATORY FAILURE?

A

INCREASING UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION , STERNAL/INTERCOSTAL RECESSION, ASYNCHRONOUS CHEST WALL AND ABDOMINAL MOVEMENT, FATIGUE, PALLOR OR CYANOSIS, DECREASED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS. THE DEGREE OF CHEST WALL RECESSION MAY DIMINISH WITH THE ONSET OF RESPIRATORY FAILURE AS A CHILD TIRES.

37
Q

WHAT CAN A RESPIRATORY RATE ABOVE 70 INDICATE ?

A

SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

38
Q

WHAT IF DISCHARGING ON SCENE ?

A

OFFER APPROPRIATE SAFETY NETTING ADVISE

39
Q

WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE SAFETY NETTING ADVICE FOR DISCHARGING A CHILD ON SCENE WITH CROUP?

A
  • EXPLAIN - CROUP IS USUALLY SELF-LIMITING AND NORMALLY RESOLVES ON ITS OWN WITHIN 48 HOURS.
  • ADVICE PARACETAMOL OR IBUPROFEN FOR FEVER WITH DISTRESS
  • EXPLAIN COUGH MEDICINES ARE NOT EFFECTIVE.
  • ENSURE ADEQUATE FLUID INTAKE.
  • DO NOT USE HUMIDIFIED AIR (HUMIDIFIER)
  • ARRANGE FOR GP REVIEW INA FEW HOURS TO MONITOR CONDITION.
40
Q

WHAT ADVICE SHOULD WE GIVE IF LEAVING A PT WITH CROUP AT HOME? FOR WHEN A PARENTS NEEDS TO SEEK FURTHER MEDICAL ASSISTANCE?

A
  • PROGRESSION FROM MILD TO MODERATE
  • DEVELOPMENT OF INTERMITTENT STRIDOR
  • INCREASED DIB
  • PALE, VERY HIGH FEVER
  • CYANOSED
  • DROOLING

Pediatrics (26 decks)

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