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Pediatrics > Respiratory conditions WHOOPING COUGH). > Flashcards

Respiratory conditions WHOOPING COUGH). Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS WHOOPING COUGH?

A

HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS RESPIRATORY INFECTION.

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2
Q

WHAT IS WHOOPING COUGH CAUSED BY?

A

Bacteria bordetalla pertussis and bordetalla parapertussis.

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3
Q

HOW IS WHOOPING COUGH SPREAD?

A

AEROSOL DROPLETS

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4
Q

IS WHOOPING COUGH CONTAGIOUS ?

A

YES HIGHLY

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5
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

TRANSMISSION ?

A

BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS SPREADS THROUGH COUGHING AND SNEEZING.

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6
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.

ATTACHMENT AND COLONIZATION

A

THE BACTERIA STICK TO THE RESPIRATORY TRACT LINING.

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7
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

TOXIN PRODUCTION

A

B PERTUSSIS RELEASES TOXINS THAT DAMAGE THE AIRWAY AND CAUSE INFLAMMATION.

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8
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

A

INFLAMMATION LEADS TO SWELLING AND NARROWING OF THE AIRWAYS.

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9
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.

PAROXYSMAL COUGHING

A

SEVERE AND PROLONGED COUGHING FITS OCCUR OFTEN WITH A WHOOP SOUND

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10
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

COMPLICATIONS

A

SEVERE CASES CAN LEAD TO PNEUMONIA, SEIZURES AND OTHER COMPLICATIONS.

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11
Q

WHOOPING COUGH - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

WHAT DOES PERTUSSIS TOXIN DO?

A

DISRUPTS ENDOTHELIAL CELL FUNCTION.

UPREGULATES HISTAMINE SENSITIVITY.

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12
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

WHAT TRACHEAL CYTOTOXIN DOES ?

A

PARALYSES AND KILLS CILIA

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13
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

WHAT DOES ADENYLATE CYCLASE TOXIN DO?

A

DISRUPTS PHAGOCYTOSIS

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14
Q

WHOOPING COUGH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.

WHAT DOES DERMONECROTIC TOXINS DO?

A

CAUSES LOCAL NECROSIS.

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15
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF WHOOPING COUGH

A

PAROXYSMAL COUGH
WHOOPING AND POST -TUSSIVE VOMITING MAY NOT PRESENT IN OLDER CHILDREN.

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16
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN YOUNG INFANTS.
WHAT ABOUT THE WHOOP ?

A

IN YOUNG INFANTS THE WHOOP MAY BE PRESENT AND COUGHING SPASMS MAY BE FOLLOWED BY PERIODS OF APNOEA AND/OR CYANOSIS

17
Q

IS WHOOPING COUGH A NOTIFIABLE DISEASE?

A

YES THIS IS

18
Q

WHERE SHOULD SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF WHOOPING COUGH BE REPORTED TO AND WHEN SHOULD THIS BE DONE.

A

REPORTED TO UKHSA AND SHOULD BE DONE WITHIN 3 DAYS.

19
Q

TREATMENTS FOR WHOOPING COUGH

WHEN SHOULD WE ARRANGE HOSPITAL ADMISSION FOR A <6 MONTH OLF AND IS ACUTELY UNWELL ?

A

SIGNIFICANT BREATHING DIFFICULTIES LIKE APNOEA, SEVERE PAROXYSMS, OR CYANOSIS.

SIGNIFICANT COMPLICATIONS LIKE SEIZURES, PNEUMONIA, DEHYDRATION.

20
Q

TREATMENT FOR WHOOPING COUGH IF HOSPITAL ADMISSION IS NOT NEEDED!

A

PRESCRIBE AXBS IF ONSET OF COUGH WITHIN 21 DAYS.

21
Q

WHAT AXB IS RECOMMENDED FOR WHOOPING COUGH?

A

MACROLIDE IS FIRST LINE

22
Q

WHAT ABOUT PROPHYLAXIS ?

A

AXB TO BE OFFERED TO CLOSE CONTACTS OR CONFIRMED PERTUSSIS WHEN SYMPTOMS IN INDEX CASE OCCURRED WITHIN PREVIOUS 21 DAYS AND CLOSE CONTACTS IS IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS.

23
Q

PROPHYLAXIS - GROUP 1

A

INFANTS AT INCREASED RISK OF SEVERE COMPLICATIONS:

<2 MONTHS OF AGE

A- BORN BEFORE 32 WEEKS GESTATION: UNIMMUNISED REGARDLESS OF MATERNAL VACCINE STATUS. (

B- BORN AFTER 32 WEEKS GESTATION: UNIMMUNISED WHOSE MOTHER DID NOT RECEIVE MATERNAL VACCINE AFTER 16 WEEKS AND AT LEAST 2 WEEKS BEFORE DELIVERY.

24
Q

PROPHYLAXIS - GROUP 1 PART 2

A

> 2 MONTHS OF AGE

A- unimmunised regardless of maternal vaccine status

b.) partially immunised regardless of maternal vaccine status

25
Q

PROPHYLAXIS - GROUP 2

A

Pregnant women at 32 weeks gestation or more

Healthcare workers who work with infants and pregnant women

People whose work involves regular close prolonged contact with infants too young to be fully vaccinated

People who share a household with and infant too young to be fully vaccinated

26
Q

WHAT ADVICE SHOULD PATIENTS BE GIVEN?

A

REST
ADEQUATE FLUID INTAKE
PARACETAMOL OR IBUPROFEL

27
Q

WHAT IS WHOOPING COUGH LIKELY TO CAUSE? AND HOW LONG DOES IT LAST?

A

PROTRACTED NON-INFECTIOUS COUGH THAT MAY LAST 3 MONTHS.

28
Q

WHAT ABOUT CHILDREN AND HEALTHCARE WORKERS WHO HAVE SUSPECTED OR CONFIRMED PERTUSSIS ? ADVICE

A

stay off school or work until 48 hours of appropriate antibiotic treatment or after 21 days of onset of symptoms. If asymptomatic, no exclusion required.

29
Q

WHAT OTHER ADVICE SHOULD BE GIVEN TO PATIENTS (OUTSTANDING VACCINATIONS)?

A

WHEN RECOVERED ARRANGE FOR ANY OUTSTANDING VACCINATIONS TO BE GIVEN WHEN RECOVERED FROM THE ILLNESS.

30
Q

Offer immunisation to all people who have been offered antibiotic prophylaxis:

A
  • UP TO 10 YEARS OF AGE

-Booster dose recommended for people >10 years who have not received Td-IPV vaccine in the preceding month and have not received pertussis booster in past 5 years.

31
Q

PATIENT ADVICE WHEN PREGNANT ?

A

Pregnant women who receive a dose of pertussis vaccine before 16th gestational week also be given further dose after 16 weeks of pregnancy to protect neonate.

Pediatrics (26 decks)

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