Respiratory diseases Flashcards by isay mango

Q

Sudden, rapid, highly contagious disease characterized by abnormal respiratory sounds coughing, and sneezing

(Group 3 Coronavirus)

Spread by air, feces, fomites, carriers

North Dakota, USA, 1931

A

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

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Q

is the most common form of IBV in birds
fatal to chicks

A

Respiratory form

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Q

there is marked depression
urate deposits

A

Kidney form

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Q

Epithelial damage
poor egg production
poor egg quality: albumen is thin and watery, “watery whites

A

Reproductive form

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Q

casued by **Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum **
* facial swelling
* nasal and ocular discharges

A

Infectious Coryza

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Q

Spread by:
1. Drinking water contaminated with discharges from the nose
2. Air
3. Direct contact

Symptoms:
1. Sneezing
2. Mucus-like discharge from the openings of the nose and eyes
3. Swelling on the face

Diagnosis:
1. Marked swelling on the face
2. Discharges from the eyes and nostrils

A

Infectious Coryza

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Q

Prevention:
1. Improved management
2. Culling of birds
3. Good sanitation
4. Traffic control
5. All-in-all out system

A

Infectious Coryza

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Q

Caused by Gallid herpesvirus 1
* Described in the USA in 1925
* Distributed worldwide
* frequently regional/seasonal in incidence

A

Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)

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Q

Morbid birds:
1. poor growth
2. egg production
3. FCR = increased condemnation

Morbidity ±70-100%, mortality ±50%

A

Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)

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Q

Clinical signs:
1. Hematemesis
2. Hyperemic trachea,
3. Intranuclear inclusion bodies in tracheal epithelium
4. Gasping
5. Coughing
6. Dyspnea
7. “Pump handle respiration”
8. Respiratory discharges

A

Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)

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Q

Transmission:
1. Direct contact (carriers)
2. Droplets
3. Fomites
4. Winds

A

Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)

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Q

Severity:
is influenced by the, virus strain,
flock immune status, environmental conditions

A

Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)

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Q

What form of strain of ND has severe respiratory disease and symptoms?

A

(ND) Moderately virulent strain

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Q

Diagnosis for ILT

A

Histopathology
Serology
IFT
Isolation
PCR

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Q

Caused by paramyxovirus serotype-1
* Java, Indonesia: first observed (1926)
* Spread to Newcastle, England
* Different types: some are highly virulent
* Others are moderate
* Certain others only mildly harmful

Spread by:
1. Inhalation
2. Ingestion
3. Fomites

A

Newcastle Disease

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Q

Is there a vaccine for ILT?

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A

Yes

Q

(5) strains of ND

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A

Viscerotropic Velogenic strain
Neurotropic Velogenic strain
Mesogenic strain
Lentogenic strain
Asymptomatic enteric strain

Humans: Transient conjunctivitis

Q

Form of strain in ND
1. Sudden death
2. Depression
3. Weakness
4. Green diarrhea
5. Facial swelling
6. Nervous signs
7. Torticollis
8. Paralysis
9. Arched position body

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A

(ND) Virulent strain

Q

What form of strain of ND has no disease
a mild respiratory distress?

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A

(ND) Mildly virulent strain

Q

Is there vaccine for ND?

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A

Yes

Q

Clinical signs:
1. Hemorrhagic proventriculus, intestinal walls, cecum, and trachea
2. Necrotic spleen
3. Airsacculitis
4. ±4 weeks of shedding

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A

Newcastle disease

Q

What caused Mycoplasmosis?

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A

Mycoplasma gallicepticum

Q

is a severe airsacculitis; occurs when M. gallisepticum infection gets complicated by E. coli

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A

Complicated CRD (CCRD) a.k.a. ‘airsac disease’

Q

Respiratory tract infection (particularly the airsacs)

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A

Mycoplasmosis

Confirmatory diagnosis for mycoplasmosis?

Demonstration of the organism

IP of Aspergillosis

2 weeks

a disease of very young chicks; caused by a fungus **Aspergillus fumigatus** Infection by inhalation of spores from contaminated feed or litter

Aspergillosis

Affected chicks may * stop eating * * show symptoms of gasping/labored breathing

Aspergillosis

Main affected organ in aspergillosis, shows small nodules that are hard and yellow.

Lungs (hyphi)

Confirmatory diagnosis for aspergillosis

Isolation and propagation of the fungus

(2) special agars for aspergillosis

1. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) 2. Sabouraud agad (SDA)

Is there specific treatment for Aspergillosis?

NONE

(3) prevention of aspergillosis

1. Moldy feed should be removed 2. Feed containers cleaned 3. Old litter remove