Respiratory Exam 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the name of the leaflets in the diaphragm?
Right and Left Crus
Which vertebrae is the diaphragm anchored to? Which part of the vertebrae?
L1; transverse process
What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm for the vena cava?
Caval aperature
What is the name of the opening for the esophagus in the diaphragm?
Esophageal aperature
What is the name for the opening of the aorta in the diaphragm?
Aortic aperature
What part of the central tendon does the heart sit on?
Anterior surface
What type of muscles are intercoastal muscles? Abdominal muscles?
Accessory muscles; muscles that can be recruited as accessory muscles
When performing interscalene blocks, what nerve to we need to be cautious with? What plexus/plexi are we performing these blocks on?
WATCH OUT FOR THE PHRENIC NERVE; We are attempting to block the brachial nerve plexus or the cervical nerve plexus
T/F A sick patient who accidentally has one of their phrenic nerves blocked will be fine without it
FALSE; If a HEALTHY patient were to have one of their phrenic nerves blocked, they would be able to survive with just one
What generations are in the conducting zone? What is within the conducting zone?
0-16; Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Terminal Bronchioles
T/F Gas exchange occurs in the conducting zone and the transitional/respiratory zones
FALSE; gas exchange only occurs in the transitional and respiratory zones
What is in the transitional zone? What number generations is this?
Respiratory bronchioles; Generation 17-19
If you increase capillary permeability, what happens to colloids?
They leak out
What are examples of things that increase capillary permeability? (3)
ARDS, oxygen toxicity, inhaled circulating toxins
What causes increased hydrostatic pressure? (Pc)
Inc. LAP (L heart failure, mitral stenosis), Fluid overload (Schmidt says this is more about diluting colloids than hydrostatic pressure simply being increased)
What causes a decrease in interstitial hydrostatic pressure? (Pis)
Stripping a chest tube (evacuating a pneumo/hemo rapidly), airway obstruction during anesthesia emergence
What causes decreased colloid osmotic pressure (Pi pl)
Protein starvation (hepatic dysfunction/starvation), dilution of blood proteins via IV solutions, proteinuria
What causes insufficient pulmonary lymphatic drainage?
Tumors, Interstitial fibrosis diseases, HIGH PEEP
What has unknown etiologies?
High-altitude pulmonary edema, pulmonary edema after a head injury, drug overdose
What 4 things can spirometry measure?
Vt, IRV, ERV, and VC
How can you calculate RV with advanced spirometry?
Use an indicator gas (Ex: Helium) and measure FRC and then calculate RV
What equation would we use to figure out RV?
FRC - ERV = RV
What noble gases can we use for advanced spirometry?
Helium, Neon, Argon, Xenon, Radon
Which 2 surfactant proteins are hydrophilic?
A and D
