Final Exam Lecture 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What structures are included in the upper airway?
Pharynx cavities: Oro, Laryngo, and Naso.
What is the larynx and where is it located?
A cartilaginous structure in the middle of the neck, attached to the hyoid bone.
What connects the trachea to the base of the larynx?
The trachea is connected to the base of the larynx.
What is the typical length of the trachea?
10-13 cm in length.
What is a good gauge for the internal diameter of the trachea?
Typically the width of the thumb.
What ligaments connect the cartilage pieces of the trachea?
Annular ligaments.
What is the function of the trachea’s cartilaginous rings?
To keep the trachea open.
What is the significance of the discontinuous rings in the posterior part of the trachea?
Allows swallowing and aids in coughing.
What can generate up to 100 mph winds during coughing?
The flexible connective tissue in the back of the trachea.
How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the right lung?
10 bronchopulmonary segments.
How many bronchopulmonary segments are typically found in the left lung?
8 bronchopulmonary segments.
What is the total angle of bifurcation between the two mainstems of the bronchi?
70° (25° + 45°).
What is the last piece of cartilage that starts the bifurcation of the trachea?
Carina.
Where does a tracheostomy typically happen?
Towards the top of the trachea.
What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscle?
Adducts the vocal cords.
Which muscle is the only one that opens the vocal cords?
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.
What happens when the cricoarytenoid muscles are malfunctioning?
Breathing becomes difficult.
What is the sensory phase of the larynx controlled by?
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V).
What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
- V1: ophthalmic division
- V2: maxillary
- V3: mandibular
What does normal breathing do to the vocal cords?
Gentle abduction.
What state are the vocal cords in during phonation?
Very close together.
What nerve innervates most of the muscles in the voice box?
Inferior laryngeal nerve.
What happens to speech if one of the laryngeal nerves is dysfunctional?
Speech may be raspy but phonation is still possible.
What is the impact of high altitude on atmospheric pressure?
Atmospheric pressure is very low.
