Respiratory - Lungs

Question 1

What waste product leaves the lungs?

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide

Question 2

What gas enters the lungs?

Answer 2

Oxygen

Question 3

What is the structure of the larynx?

Answer 3

Tube like structures at top of trachea

Question 4

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 4

Voice box - produce speech and sound

Question 5

What is the structure of the trachea?

Answer 5

Hollow c-shaped sure - allows oesophagus to stretch when swallowing
Strong and stretchy cartilage

Question 6

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 6

Where air travels down into the lungs?

Question 7

What is the structure of the bronchi?

Answer 7

2 bronchi = 1 bronchus

Lead in from trachea through two branches to left and right lungs

Question 8

What is the function of the bronchi?

Answer 8

Cartilage that connects the trachea to bronchioles

Question 9

What is the structure of bronchioles?

Answer 9

Small branches off of bronchi

Question 10

What is the function of the bronchioles?

Answer 10

Carry air to alveoli

Question 11

What is the structure of the diaphragm?

Answer 11

Dome shaped muscle

Flattens during inspiration

Question 12

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 12

It moves down so lungs can inflate

Question 13

What is the structure of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 13

Muscles in between the ribs

External and internal

Question 14

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 14

Contract which pulls the lungs so they can inflate

Question 15

What is the structure of the pleural membranes?

Answer 15

2 layers of thin membrane protecting lung

Pleural fluid in pleural cavity

Question 16

What is the function of the pleural membranes?

Answer 16

Protect the lungs and stops friction - connected to intercostal muscles which contract to pull and inflate lung

Question 17

What is inspiration?

Answer 17

Breathing in

Question 18

What is expiration?

Answer 18

Breathing out

Question 19

What does the pleural fluid in lungs do?

Answer 19

Lubricates the surface so layers slide over each other and prevents friction

Question 20

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 20

Medulla oblongata sends signals to external intercostal muscles and diaphragm to contract
Rib cage swings up and out
Diaphragm flattens
Pleural membranes pull lung as attached to rib cage
Increases volume in lungs
Decreases air pressure within lungs
Air rushes into lungs

Question 21

What happens during expiration?

Answer 21

Medulla oblongata stops sending signals to intercostal muscles and diaphragm - goes back to dome shape + muscles pull rib cage in and down
Decrease volume in lungs - air pressure in lungs is greater
Forces co2 out of lungs - deflate

Question 22

What are alveoli?

Answer 22

Tiny sacs and end of bronchioles where gaseous exchange takes place

Question 23

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 23

Oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from it

Question 24

Why are alveoli walls thin?

Answer 24

One cell thick to make minimal distance for gases to pass through

Question 25

Why are alveoli walls moist?

Answer 25

Gases dissolve in moisture to help them pass across the gas exchange surface

Question 26

Why are there lots of alveoli?

Answer 26

Increases surface area and capillaries can surround them and more gaseous exchange takes place

Question 27

What is a diffusion gradient?

Answer 27

Where one area has a higher concentration or a substance than another

Question 28

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 28

Adenosine Triphospahe

Question 29

How many phosphates does ATP have?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

What happens when the chemical bond that holds the 3rd phosphate in ATP is broken?

Answer 30

Releases energy

Question 31

What can ATP be converted into?

Answer 31

ADP

Question 32

What does cellular respiration break?

Answer 32

Glucose

Question 33

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

What is ATP?

Answer 34

A high energy molecule found in every cell that stores and supplies cell with energy it needs

Question 35

How is ATP formed?

Answer 35

ADP combines with the energy released when we break down glucose, ATP then broken down to ADP which releases energy

Question 36

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 36

The process of releasing energy through the oxidation of glucose molecules

Question 37

What does a mitochondria look like?

Answer 37

Has a highly folded membrane to increase surface area

Question 38

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 38

When there is no oxygen - strenuous exercise

Question 39

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 39

Aerobic respiration

Question 40

How much ATP does it release?

Answer 40

2

Question 41

What does glucose get converted into during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 41

Lactic acid and energy

Question 42

What happens to glucose during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 42

Partially broken down

Question 43

What needs to happen to lactic acid?

Answer 43

Needs to be oxidised