Respiratory - Pleural Effusion & Thoracentesis

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

Pleural Effusion think Plenty of Fluid in the lung space, specifically fluid collection in the pleural space greater than 15 mls of fluid. This fluid prevents full expansion of the lung & results in decreased gas exchange & atelectasis (collapse of the alveoli).

Question 2

Causes

Answer 2

• Pneumonia (lung infection), which fills the lungs with fluid.
• Heart failure causing pulmonary edema, where heavy fluid builds up in the lungs.

Question 3

Signs & Symptoms

Answer 3

1. Chest pain during inhalation
2. Dyspnea
3. Diminished breath sounds
4. Dull resonance on percussion

Question 4

Nursing Interventions

Answer 4

Thoracentesis
1. Provider places a needle through an intercostal space (the space between the ribs) to gently
puncture the lung & drain the fluid!
2. Sign a consent form
3. Chest X ray before & AFTER procedure to compare fluid & lung expansion

AFTER a thoracentesis:
* Deep breaths to help re-expand the lungs & promote adequate oxygen exchange
* Lie on the unaffected lung to keep BAD LUNG UP!

Question 5

Complications

Answer 5

● Deviated trachea
● Asymmetrical chest expansion
& decreased breath sounds on
affected side
-Hyperresonance
-High air in lungs