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Anatomy and Physiology > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

primary function

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

secondary functions of respiratory system are

A

phonation and olfaction.

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3
Q

Organs of the Respiratory system

A 
• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs –
alveoli
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4
Q

• Conducting portion:

A 
Nose & nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
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5
Q

• Respiratory portion:

A

Bronchiole

Alveolus

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6
Q

• The only externally visible part of the
respiratory system
• Air enters the nose through the external
nares (nostrils)

A

Nose

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7
Q

The interior of the nose consists of a

nasal cavity divided by a

A

nasal septum

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8
Q

Lateral walls have projections called

A

conchae

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9
Q

conchae function:

A

• Increases surface area
• Increases air turbulence within the nasal
cavity

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10
Q

The nasal cavity is separated from the

oral cavity by the

A

palate

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11
Q

•Anterior hard palate

A

(bone)

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12
Q

•Posterior soft palate

A

(muscle)

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13
Q

Olfactory receptors are located

A

in the

mucosa on the superior surface

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14
Q

The rest of the cavity is lined with

A

respiratory mucosa

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15
Q
  • Moistens air

* Traps incoming foreign particles

A

respiratory mucosa

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16
Q

Extends from the nares to the choncae, through which it opens into the nasopharynx

A

Nasal Cavity (Nose)

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17
Q

Three Regions of the Nasal Cavity

A
  • Vestibule
  • Respiratory Region (Schneiderian Membrane)
  • Olfactory Region
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18
Q

• Most dilated
• Anterior portion of the nasal cavity
• Lined by stratified squamous non-cornified
epithelium

A

• Vestibule

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19
Q

is composed of dense

connective tisssue

A

• Lamina propria of vestibule

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20
Q

• Vestibule Contains some sebaceous glands, sweat
glands and hair follicles with thick, stiff hair
called

A

vibrassae

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21
Q 
• Mucus membrane lining the respiratory
portion
• Consists of pseudo-stratified ciliated
columnar epithelium with goblet cells
• Has a relatively thick basement membrane
A

Respiratory Region

Schneiderian Membrane

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22
Q

contains serous and mucous

tubulo-alveolar glands

A

Lamina propria of Respiratory Region

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23
Q

Respiratory Epithelium

A
  1. Ciliated columnar cells – most abundant
  2. Mucous goblet cells - mucin
  3. Brush cells –
    > Columnar cells w/ microvilli
    > Immature cells
    > Chemosensory/ receptor cells
  4. Basal cells – BM, stem cells
  5. Small granule cell
    > effectors in integration
    mucous and serous secretion
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24
Q

– Abundant venous plexuses beneath the
epithelium
– Capable of engorgement which may cause “stuffy
nose” in colds or “nose bleed”

A

“Cavernous Plexuses”

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25
– Respiratory mucosa here is adherent to the periosteum of the bone or the perichondrium of the cartilage beneath it
Mucoperiosteum or mucoperichondrium
26
• Specialized area
• Olfactory Region
27
Contains the olfactory mucosa (olfactory epithelium)
• Olfactory Region
28
– Receptor organ for smell – Located at the roof of the nasal fossae – Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium without goblet cells – No distinct basal lamina
olfactory mucosa (olfactory epithelium)
29
Three Types of Cells Found in the Olfactory Epithelium
* Olfactory cells * Basal cells * Supporting or Sustentacular cells
30
Branched tubulo-alveolar glands in the lamina propria of the olfactory epithelium
Bowman’s Glands
31
Musculo-membranous tube
Pharynx
32
Extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebrae, opposite the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
Pharynx
33
Three Parts or region of the Pharynx
* Nasopharynx * Oropharynx * Laryngopharynx
34
• Uppermost part • Mucosa is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells • Lamina propria contains a significant amount of elastic tissue • Pharyngeal glands have mixed secretions
• Nasopharynx
35
Aggregations of lymphatic nodules in the posterior wall
Pharyngeal tonsils
36
Aggregations of lymphatic nodules behind the opening of the Eustachian tube
Tubal tonsils
37
* Lined by stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium | * With mucous glands
Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx
38
Cavities within bones surrounding the | nasal cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
39
Function of the sinuses
• Lighten the skull •Act as resonance chambers for speech •Produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity
40
Muscular passage from nasal cavity to | larynx
Pharynx
41
superior region behind | nasal cavity
• Nasopharynx
42
middle region behind mouth
•Oropharynx
43
inferior region attached | to larynx
Laryngopharynx
44
These are | common passageways for air and food
The oropharynx and laryngopharynx
45
``` Routes air and food into proper channels. • Plays a role in speech • Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage (epiglottis) ```
Larynx (Voice Box)
46
Structures of the Larynx
Thyroid cartilage Epiglottis Vocal cords (vocal folds) Glottis
47
* Largest hyaline cartilage | * Protrudes anteriorly (Adam’s apple)
Thyroid cartilage
48
•Superior opening of the larynx •Routes food to the larynx and air toward the trachea
Epiglottis
49
•Vibrate with expelled air to create sound | speech
Vocal cords (vocal folds)
50
opening between vocal cords
Glottis
51
* Also called as voice box | * Made up of 9 cartilages
Larynx (Voice Box)
52
3 unpaired
thyroid = Adam’s apple cricoid epiglottis
53
3 paired
cuneiform corniculate arytenoid
54
2 larynx folds:
Vestibular folds = False vocal cords | Vocal folds = True vocal cords
55
* Connects larynx with bronchi | * Lined with ciliated mucosa
Trachea (Windpipe)
56
•Beat continuously in the opposite direction of incoming air •Expel mucus loaded with dust and other debris away from lungs
Trachea (Windpipe)
57
• Walls of trachea are reinforced with C-shaped
hyaline cartilage
58
Also called as windpipe
Trachea
59
``` Trachea, a Membranous tube made up of _____ C shaped pieces of cartilages • C shaped cartilages protect the trachea and maintain an open passageway for air ```
16 to 20
60
trachea size
relatively rigid tube 11 cm in length 2.5 cm in diameter in adults.
61
trachea tunica
1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Fibrocartilagenous 4. Tunica Adventitia
62
* Paired organs | * Together with the mediastinum, fill the thoracic cavity
lungs
63
lobes of lungs
* 3 lobes on the right side | * 2 lobes on the left side

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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