respiratory system Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
ABG
A
arterial blood gases
2
Q
COPD
A
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
3
Q
SOB
A
Short of breath
4
Q
URI
A
Upper Respiratory Infection
5
Q
Thorac-(o)
A
chest, thorax
6
Q
trach (e,i,o)
A
trachea, windpipe
7
Q
pneum(o,on)
A
lung
8
Q
pharyng (o)
A
pharynx, throat
9
Q
pulmon (o)
A
lung
10
Q
or (o)
A
mouth
11
Q
rhino
A
nose
12
Q
pnea
A
breathing
13
Q
Apnea
A
absence of respirations
14
Q
Dyspnea
A
difficult breathing
15
Q
dysphagia
A
difficulty swallowing
16
Q
hemoptysis
A
spitting up blood
17
Q
epistaxis
A
nosebleed
18
Q
bradypnea
A
slower than normal breathing
19
Q
eupnea
A
normal breathing
20
Q
orthopnea
A
condition in which breathing becomes easier when the patient is sitting up straight
21
Q
tachypnea
A
faster than normal breathing
22
Q
hyperventilation
A
condition in which breathing is faster and deeper than normal
23
Q
hypoventilation
A
condition in which breathing is too slow and shallow
24
Q
hypoxia
A
low oxygen levels in the blood stream
25
pulmonary embolism (PE)
a traveling blood clot that becomes logged in a lung
26
what is the function of the URT
inhaling and humidifying air. also transports the air to the lower respiratory tract
27
what is included in the upper respiratory tract
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis
28
how many sections are in the nasal cavity
3
29
what is is the vestibular region
contains course hairs that act as a first line of defense against infection. it filters air and contains sneeze reflex when dust/pollen get trapped in airways
30
what is in the olfactory (smell) region
located on the roof of the nasal cavity. contains senses of smell and taste.
31
respiratory region
in charge of warming and humidifying the air. the mucous membrane ae lined with blood vessels that humidify air to about 80% humidity. The drier the air you inhale the harder you have to work
32
sinuses
air filled cavities that surround the nose. they lighten the weight of the head, warm and moisten the air and strengthen the tone of your voice
33
how many sections in the pharynx
3
34
nasopharynx
upper portion behind nasal cavities, passageway to middle ear is located here
35
oropharynx
middle portion behind the mouth. uvula tissue in back of throat that covers the nasopharynx during vomiting/swollowing
36
laryngopharynx
bottom portion
37
larynx
voicebox
- houses structures that produce speech
- lined with mucous membrane that forms two folds called vocal cords
- contains glottis
38
glotis
above vocal cords where air vibrates
39
What protects the vocal cords
thyroid cartilage called the adams apple
40
epiglottis
a leaf-like structure of cartilage that closes the opening to the larynx when you swollow and opens up to allow air into the larynx when we breathe
41
lungs
right has 3 lobes and left has 2 due to placement of heart. it is surrounded by membrane called pleura
42
pleura
is a double layer membrane that prevents rubbing during inspiration and expiration
43
trachea
windpipe
-extends from the larynx to the center of the chest. Carries air between the pharynx and the bronchi. Has c-shaped cartilages that help keep it open.
44
bronchi
carry air from the trachea to the lungs. the bronchi divide into smaller bronchi untill they reach the smallest branches called bronchioles
45
alveoli
known as terminal bronchioles, look like grapes. they are one cell layer thick and have a rich layer of capilaries where o2 and co2 exchange between blood and lungs
46
surfactant
a lipid substance that keeps the aveoli from colapsinng
47
what are the accesory muscles of the respiratory system
intercostal muscles, sternomastoid muscles, diaphragm
48
ventilation
the process by which air moves into and out of the lungs. 2 parts inspiration, expiration
49
inspiration
inhaling
| the process of air flowing into the lungs
50
expiration
exhaling
| air is forced out of the lungs and air passages
51
what is respiration
the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide. 3 types. external, internal, cellular
52
external respiration
fresh oxygen from outside the body fills the lungs and alveoli, allowing gas exchange between the aveoli and the pulmonary blood (capilaries)
- exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and bloodstream
- takes pllace in aveoli
- O2 from alvioli enters capillaries and bloodstream
- Co2 leaves capilaries and enters aveoli where it is exhaled
53
internal respiration
occurs inside the body between tissues and capillaries
- exchange of O2 and CO2 between tissue cells and bloodstream
- O2 leaves the bloodstream and enters cells. CO2 leaves the cells and enters the bloodstream to be exhaled
54
cellular respiration
metabolism
55
What part of the brain controls our breathing
medulla oblongata
56
what does the medula oblongata do
stimulates the diaphragm and the internal intercostal muscles
57
what prevents over inflation of the aveoar sacs
hering breur reflex
58
what causes the PH of the CSF to decrease
high levals of carbon dioxide increase the number of hydrogen ions
59
Asthma
caused by a sensitivity to an allergen
| - narrows theopenings of the airways, increases mucous production, edema
60
bronchitis
inflamation of the bronchi and bronchial tubes
acute- infection
-chronic-long term exposure
61
COPD
used to describe any chronic lung disease that results in airway obstruction.
- includes asthema, bronchitis, emphsema
62
emphysema
the walls of the aveloi deteriorate and lose their elasticity
- caused by smoking and pollen
63
pnemonia
an inflamation or infection of the lungs characterized byfluid in the alvioli-bacteria viruses o chemicals
64
epitaxis-nosebleed
occurs when capilaries in nose become congested
| - can be caused by injury or infection
65
influenza
flu
- highly contageous
- peer respiratory infection
- sudden onset with chills, fever, cough, sore throt, runny nose, muscle pain, fatigue
- treat symptoms
66
laryngitis
inflamation of the larynx and the vocal cords. usually occurs with other respiratory infections
67
tuberculosis
infectious lung disease caused by bacteria mycrobacterium tebruculosis
- remain dormant in the lungs and activate when defences down.
medication 1-2 years
