nervous system

Question 1

Function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

1. it receives messages from stimuli all over the body (sensory input)
2. The brain interprets the messages (integration)
3. The brain responds to the message and caries out activities inside and outside of the body (motor output)
4. The brain is the seat of intellect, reasoning, and personality.

Question 2

neuron (nerve cell)

Answer 2

the fundamental or structural unit of the nervous system. Neurons are found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. They are responsible for conducting electrical impulses throughout the body in response to an external or internal stimulus

Question 3

sensory neurons

Answer 3

conduct electrical signals from the body to the bran and spinal cord. Also called Afferent neurons

Question 4

motor neurons

Answer 4

receive electrical impulses from the brain and spinal cord and communicate these impulses to the body. also known as efferent, these carry messages to the muscles and glands

Question 5

nerves

Answer 5

when many neurons from a bundle of fibers

Question 6

3 parts of a neuron

Answer 6

• cell body
• dendrites
• axon

Question 7

cell body

Answer 7

where the nucleus is

Question 8

dendrites

Answer 8

nerve fibers which extend from the cell body and receive messages from other neurons

Question 9

axon

Answer 9

single nerve fibers which are long and thin and carries impulses away from the cell body toward the axon terminal. Some are 1 ml others can be over 3 feet.

Question 10

myelin sheath

Answer 10

many axons have a lipid covering

Question 11

Functions of the myelin sheath

Answer 11

1. speeds up the rate of impulse transmission

2. protects and insulates the axon

Question 12

synapse

Answer 12

this contact point where one neuron communicates with another.

Question 13

synaptic cleft

Answer 13

between nerve cells synapses is a microscopic spaces between them

Question 14

neurotransmitters

Answer 14

special chemicals. located at the end of each axon, allow the nerve impulses to pass from one neuron to another. Can follow many diffrent routes.

Question 15

frontal lobe

Answer 15

-emotions, personality, moality, intalect, reasoning, speech

Question 16

parietal lobe

Answer 16

sensory, motor, pain, heat, touch

Question 17

temporal lobe

Answer 17

hearing

Question 18

occipital lobe

Answer 18

vision

Question 19

Brain

Answer 19

a mass of tissue protected by membranes and the skull

Question 20

cerebrum

Answer 20

largest and highest section of the brain. arranged in convolutions

Question 21

convolutions

Answer 21

folds that help speed conduction of electrical impulses

Question 22

cerebellum

Answer 22

-2nd largest portion of brain

responsible for muscle tone, equilibrium, walking and dancing

Question 23

brainstem

Answer 23

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 24

PT

Answer 24

Physical therapy

Question 25

OT

Answer 25

occupational tjherapy

Question 26

ST

Answer 26

Speech therapy

Question 27

-plegia

Answer 27

paralysis

Question 28

epi

Answer 28

over, above,upon

Question 29

quadri

Answer 29

4

Question 30

cerebro

Answer 30

brain

Question 31

rrhagic

Answer 31

bursting forth

Question 32

trophy

Answer 32

growth

Question 33

esthesia

Answer 33

sensation- feeling

Question 34

lepsy

Answer 34

seizure

Question 35

cranio

Answer 35

skull

Question 36

algia

Answer 36

pain

Question 37

meningo

Answer 37

meninges

Question 38

encephalo

Answer 38

brain

Question 39

phasia

Answer 39

speech

Question 40

what is the brain

Answer 40

a mass of tissue protected by membranes and the skull

Question 41

how much of your bllod is circulating through your brain at a time

Answer 41

20-25%

Question 42

How are brain caprilaries diffrent from body capillaries

Answer 42

they are impermeable to many substances. this property of impermiability has been termed blood-brain barrier

Question 43

what can pass through the barrier

Answer 43

water, glucose, amino acids, alchohol, fats, nichotine, respiratory gasses and anesthetics. some antibiotics and pain meds can go through

Question 44

meninges

Answer 44

the membranes that cover and pprotect the brain and spinal cord

Question 45

dura mater

Answer 45

the thick, tough outer layer.

Question 46

arachnoid membrane

Answer 46

middle layer, weblike and delicate subarachnoid space-filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 47

pia mater

Answer 47

the innermost layer- is closely attached to the brain and spinal cord and nourishes the nerve tisue

Question 48

ventricles

Answer 48

4 holllow spaces that connect with each other and with th space under the arachnoid membrane. They are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) the circulates continuously

Question 49

what is the 3 functions of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 49

1. it is a shock absorber to protect the brain and spinal cord 2. carries nutrients to parts of the brain 3. caries away metabolic products and wastes

Question 50

what organs are involved in the central nervous system

Answer 50

brain and spinal cord

Question 51

what is involved in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 51

12 cranial nerves, 31 spinal nerves

Question 52

what are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 52

somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 53

are somatic muscles voluntary

Answer 53

yes

Question 54

are autonomic muscles voluntary

Answer 54

no- involuntary- heart and visceral

Question 55

what are the 3 parts of the autonomic system

Answer 55

enteric, sympathetic, parasympathetic

Question 56

enteric

Answer 56

controls all digestive functions

Question 57

sympathetic

Answer 57

fight or flight Hr up, RR up, BP up digestive down

Question 58

parasympathetic

Answer 58

``` rest and digest HR down RR down BP down Digestive up ```

Question 59

peripheral nervous system

Answer 59

liaison between CNS and the rest of the body.

Question 60

epilepsy

Answer 60

seizure disorder | - a brain disorder asscoiated with abnormal electrical impulses in neurons of the brain

Question 61

causes of epilepsy

Answer 61

brain injury, brain trama, abnormal tissue (scaring), tumors, toxins, infections, or ideopathic, drug use

Question 62

symptoms of epilepsy

Answer 62

loss of consciousness, convulsios, hypersalvation, loss of body functions

Question 63

what to do for epilepsy

Answer 63

- remain calm and call 911 - help person to floor and onto their side - move furniture so they do not hit anything - place head on something soft.

Question 64

cerebrovascular accident

Answer 64

- stroke or CVA - occurs when the blood flow to the brain is impaired. This results in lack of oxygen to the brain and destruction of tissue

Question 65

causes of stroke

Answer 65

hemorrhagic, ischemic

Question 66

hemorrhagic

Answer 66

a vessel ruptures and causes bleeding into the brain (often due to high blood pressure or weakness in a vessel)

Question 67

ischemic

Answer 67

an embolus (blood clot or fat) blocks a vessel. This causes cells to die because blood flow is blocked

Question 68

symptoms of a stroke

Answer 68

changes in LOC, confusion, paralysis, dysphagia, aphasia, incontinence (inability to hold urine

Question 69

WHat does fast stand for

Answer 69

F-ace drooping A-rm weakness S-peech difficulty T-ime to call 911

Question 70

multiple sclerosis

Answer 70

a chronic, progressive, disabling condition resulting from a degeneration of the myelin sheath in the centeral nervous system

Question 71

impairments of multiple sclerosis

Answer 71

motor- difficulties with balance, gait (ability to walk), fatigue, coordination, movement, tremors, muscle spasms, dysphagia. sensory- numbness, tingling, pain, loss of vision/ hearing