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Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

digestive tract

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2
Q

What parts does it include?

A

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, pancreas, colon, rectum, anus

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3
Q

4 accessory organs?

A

teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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4
Q

What 3 activities of digestion occur in the mouth?

A

Ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion

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5
Q

What is the role of the lips?

A

surround the food

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6
Q

What is the function of the uvula?

A

Covers the nasopharynx when we swallow to keep food going down our pharynx instead of into our nasal passage.

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7
Q

WHat is the role of the tounge?

A

helps move food in the mouth and then pushes the chewed food to the back for swallowing

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8
Q

what is a bolus

A

food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva

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9
Q

what are the 3 sections of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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10
Q

what activity of digestion occurs in the esophagus?

A

Propulsion

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11
Q

why is it important to chew food throughly before swalllowing?

A

SO that is does not hurt and scar us in our esophagus

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12
Q

where is the esophagus found?

A

posterior to the trachea and anterior to the spinal cord

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13
Q

what is the name of the muscular ring between the esophagus and stomach?

A

cardiac, sphinctor

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14
Q

what does the muscle ring do

A

controls the flow of substances between the esophagus and the stomach.

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15
Q

what 4 activities occur in thee stomach

A

propulsion, chemical and mechanical breakdown and absorbtion

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16
Q

what is the volume of an empty stomach

A

50ml or 1.75 ounces

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17
Q

what is the PH of the stomach

A

1.5-3.5

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18
Q

what acid is secreated by the stomach

A

hydrochloric

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19
Q

what are rugae and what do they do

A

folds that expand to allow the stomach to stretch; the lining

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20
Q

what is chyme

A

food that has been broken up in the stomach

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21
Q

what is pylorus

A

the last portion of the stomach

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22
Q

what does the pyloric sphincter do

A

opens between the stomach and small intestine. It stays closed whie the stomach churns but then opens to let the chyme pass into the first section of the small intestines.

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23
Q

what 4 activities occur in the small intestine

A

propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion and absorption

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24
Q

what are the 3 sections of the small intestines

A

duodenum, jejunum, illium

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25
what accessory organs secrete into the duodenum
gallbladder and pancreus
26
What parts of the small intestine absorb food molecules into the blood?
villi
27
WHat vitamins are absorbed in the small intestines
A,B,C,D,E,K
28
what 3 activities occur in the large intestines
propulsion, absorption, defecation
29
what happens to water in the large intestines
it is absorbed
30
WHere is the appendix found and what does it do
end or cecum and it folds
31
what do the bacteriain the large intestines do
help to form B and K vitamins
32
WHat is the function of the rectum and anus
insoluble waste is stored in rectum and the anus is the opening to the outside world
33
what is the livers digestive functions
- creates and stores glycogen - helps convert one nutrient type to another (proteins to glucose, charbohydrates to fat) - secretes cholestoral - makes bile (a watery solution that helps break down fat) at a steady rate of about 1 litter per day - it also plays a role in filtering toxins, breaking down hormones and drugs< blood clotting and storage or iron
34
where is the gallbladder located
below the liver
35
what does the gallbladder store
bile
36
when is bile delivered to the duodenum
when food is present in the duodenum
37
what does bile break down
food/fats
38
what is the endocrine function of the pancreus
it secretes insulin directly into the bloodstream and helps regulate sugar uptake by the cells. It also has an exocrine function. This means that it secretes through a tube. SPecifically is secretes pancreatic enzymes through a tube into the duodenum
39
what nutrients are broken down by the digestive enzymes of the pancreus
charbohydrates, proteins, fats
40
WHat is the function of the bicarbonate produced by the pancreatic juices?
it is a base that helps neutralize the acidic chyme as in moves from the stomach to the intestine
41
a-, an-
not; without
42
dia-
through; complete
43
dys-
painful; difficult; bad
44
hyper-
excessive
45
ortho-
straight
46
peri
around; surrounding
47
post
after
48
pre-
before
49
sub-
below; under
50
append, apendic/o-
appendix
51
cholecyst/o-
gallbladder
52
dent/i
tooth
53
entero
intestines, usually small intestines
54
esophago-
esophagus
55
gastro
stomach
56
gingivo
gums
57
hepato
liver
58
laparo
abdominal wall; abdomen
59
linguo
tongue
60
odonto
tooth
61
phago
eat; swallow; engulf
62
pancreato
pancreas
63
spleno
spleen
64
-ac, -al, -eal, -ic
pertaining to
65
-ectomy
sergical removal
66
-emesis
vomiting
67
-ia
condition
68
-ist
specialist
69
-itis
inflamation
70
-orexia
appetite
71
- pepsia
digestion
72
-phagia
eating/swallowing
73
-prandial
meal
74
-rrhea
flow, excessive discharge
75
-scopy
procedure performed to view something
76
-stalsis
contraction
77
mouth
(oral cavity) includes the lips, tounge, teeth, and salivary glands
78
pharynx
(throat) divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
79
esophagus
attaches to the pharynx. runs through the thoracic cavity through the diaphragm to the stomach. carries food (paristalsis) from mouth to stomach
80
stomach
contains folds in the mucous lining called rugae that help it expand. The mucous lining protects against the acids produced here. food mixed with acids is known as chyme
81
small intestine
(SI) the longest section of the intestines. is called small because of diameter. absorbtion of nutrints occurs in the capillaries of the vili of the SI
82
large intestines
also known as the colon. it is known as large due to diameter. bacteria here manufacture B and K vitamins
83
ingestion
getting the food into the body: involves the teeth lips and tounge
84
propulsion
begins after ingestion and continues all the way along the GI tract. Is initiated by swallowing at the phrynx and peristalsis
85
mechanical breakdown
reduces food into smaller pieces and increases the surface area of the food. CHewing, churning in stomach, and by muscular contraction in the small intestines contribute to this
86
chemical breakdown
1. enzymes in the saliva 2. stomach enzymes and acid 3. digestive enzymes added in small intestine
87
absorption
1. done primarily in the vili of the small intestines) 2. large intestine absorbs water and some vitamins 3. stomach can absorb alchohol, some drugs and some lipids
88
defecation
expulsion of food that was not absorbed occurs by discharging feces from the rectum. Consists primarily of insoluble fiber.
89
one way a person can have problems ingesting food
stroke patients may loose control of one side of their face. THus, they have numbness or loss of function of their lips, expirience drooling and have difficulty keeping food in their mouth
90
2 functions of saliva
- starts to break apart the bonds holding the food together | - combines to create a bolus
91
ulcer
on open sore in the lining of the digestive tract. Usually occurs in the mucous lining of the stomach (peptic ulcer) or in the duodenum (duodenal ulcer). The major cause is a bactirium, helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori). TX. antibiotics, surgery
92
Cancer
of digestive system are the most common. Can be anywhere in the system: colon, rectum, mouth, tissues surri=ounding the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreus, liver. They usually grow slowly and are quite treatable if found early. screening and early detection are important. colonoscopy screens for cancers of the colon and rectum are recommended starting at age 50.
93
hernia
a rupture that occurs when an internal organ pushes through a weakened area or opening in a body wall. hiatal hernia is when the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm
94
appendicitis
inflamation of the appendix usually from blockage or infection. Symptoms: lower right quadrant pain, N/V (nausea, vomiting), fever TX: appendectomy
95
diarrhea
the occurance of frequent watery bowl movements. It occurs when waste does not spend enough time in the colon where excess water would be absorbed. CAsuses: infection by bacterium, virus or parisites, food poisining, inflammatory bowl disease, lactose intolerance Treatment: treat cause, water and electrolyte supplements
96
constipation
fecal material remains in the colon too long, causing excessive reabsorbtion of wateer. feces becomes hard, dry and difficult to eliminate. Treatment: fiber, eexercise and increased fluids
97
cholecystitis
inflamation of the gallblader. Usually has gallstones present (cholelithasis). these can form when there is too much cholesterol in the bile. Treatment: surgical removal of gallblader.

Medical (14 decks)

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