Respiratory System

Question 1

germ layer origin

Answer 1

• the lungs

Question 2

structural origin

Answer 2

• foregut = respiratory
• diverticulum = lung buds

Question 3

what forms in Wk3-4 that is involved in the resp system?

Answer 3

• tracheosophogeal ridges

Question 4

what does the tracheosophogeal ridge do?

Answer 4

• connects trachea with the forgut

Question 5

what is a fistula?

Answer 5

• abnormal connection between two body parts

Question 6

what is a tracheoesophogeal fistula?

Answer 6

• abnormal connection between trachea and oseophogus
• incorrect ‘pinching’ of the trachesophogeal ridge

Question 7

what do the lung buds go on to form?

Answer 7

• bronchial bud, growing into surrounding tissue (pleura)
• comprised of surrounding LP mesoderm

Question 8

At which week will a baby be viable due to lung maturation point?

Answer 8

• 26 weeks

Question 9

lung maturation periods (4)

Answer 9

• pseudo glandular - 5-16wks
  continued branching, formation of terminal bronchioles; no resp. broncioles or alveoli present yet
• canalicular - 16-26wks
  terminal bronchioles divide into resp. bronchioles -> alveolar ducts
• terminal sacs - 26wks-birth
  terminal sacs form, capillaries establish close contact
• alveolar - 32wk -childhood
  alveoli mature

Question 10

the lungs are ___ to the heart

Answer 10

• lateral

Question 11

diaphragm is ___ to the lung

Answer 11

• inferior

Question 12

the apex of the lungs protrudes above the _____

Answer 12

• first rib (thoracic outlet)

Question 13

the inferior surface of the lung rests on the ____

Answer 13

• diaphragm

Question 14

4 main functions of the thoracic cage

Answer 14

• support
• protection
• resistance
• attachment site

Question 15

what is the primary muscle used in resp?

Answer 15

• diaphragm

Question 16

what shape is the diaphragm?

Answer 16

• dome

Question 17

why is the diaphragm higher on the right hand side?

Answer 17

• because of the liver being underneath

Question 18

what nerve supplies the diaphragm?

Answer 18

phrenic nerve

Question 19

nerve roots to the diaphragm

Answer 19

• C3, C4, C5 in the neck

Question 20

what does the diaphragm seperate?

Answer 20

• the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Question 21

important structures passing through the diaphragm (3)

Answer 21

• inferior vena cava
• oesophagus
• aorta

Question 22

what does the diaphragm do in inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 22

• inhalation - contracts and flattens
• exhalation - relaxes and returns to original shape

Question 23

which three thin layers of muscle support the diaphragm during respiration?

Answer 23

• external
• internal
• innermost
  intercostal muscles

Question 24

what type of tissue is in the pleura?

Answer 24

• 2 layers of simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue

Question 25

what is parietal pleura?

Answer 25

- outermost layer of pleura - attaches to inside of ribs laterally and diaphragm inferiorly

Question 26

what is the visceral pleura?

Answer 26

- inner layer of pleura that attaches to the outside surface of the lungs

Question 27

atmospheric vs intrapleural vs intrapulmonary pressures

Answer 27

760mmHg 756mmHg 761mmHg (+1)

Question 28

right lung medial features (4)

Answer 28

- lung hilum - pulmonary artery - pulmonary vein - pulmonary bronchi

Question 29

left lung medial features? (4)

Answer 29

- lung hilum - pulmonary artery - pulmonary vein - primary bronchi

Question 30

what is in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 30

- nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx