Respiratory System

Question 1

It is a form of respiration in which gas
exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of the frog rather than the lungs

Answer 1

Cutaneous respiration

Question 2

Alternative names for summer sleep and winter sleep

Answer 2

aestivation, hibernation

Question 3

Frogs use both their integumentary system and lungs during summer/winter sleep

Answer 3

False, the skin is the only respiratory organ during summer/winter sleep

Question 4

Explain the steps in Cutaneous respiration

Answer 4

Oxygen first dissolves in the moisture present over the frog’s body and then diffuses into the blood circulating in the blood capillaries

Question 5

What are Blood capillaries?

Answer 5

they are tiny blood vessels near the skin’s surface that facilitate the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the frog’s blood and the environment

Question 6

Where does mouth respiration occur?

Answer 6

It takes place at the buccopharyngeal cavity

Question 7

What does the buccal cavity consist of?

Answer 7

The buccal cavity consists of a moist mucous membrane and is richly supplied with blood capillaries.

Question 8

Mouth respiration involves the absorption of oxygen through contraction or expansion of _____ and _____ muscles

Answer 8

sternohyals, petrohyals

Question 9

How does oxygen enter the body in respiration?

Answer 9

Oxygen dissolves in the moist mucous membrane of the cavity and then diffuses into the blood capillaries

Question 10

How does carbon dioxide leave the body in respiration?

Answer 10

Similarly, carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuses out into the cavity and is expelled through the nostrils during expiration.

Question 11

The pair of lungs are the organs of _____

Answer 11

aerial respiration

Question 12

The lungs are not only the organs of respiration but are also _____ _____ as they enable frog to float in water when they are inflated

Answer 12

hydrostatic organs

Question 13

The air enters and leaves the lungs through the _____

Answer 13

respiratory tract

Question 14

Name the 7 parts of the respiratory tract

Answer 14

(1) external nostrils (2) nasal chambers (3) internal nostrils (4) bucco-pharyngeal cavity (5) glottis (6) larynx (7) pair of bronchi

Question 15

Describe the glottis

Answer 15

median slit-like opening to the lungs

Question 16

Larynx is a small sac whose walls are supported by _____ and _____ cartilages

Answer 16

2 arytenoid, 1 cricoid

Question 17

It is a slender ring surrounding the larynx

Answer 17

Cricoid cartilage

Question 18

They are a pair of semilunar valves,
which rest upon the cricoid cartilage

Answer 18

Arytenoid cartilages

Question 19

Two types of respiration

Answer 19

Cutaneous Respiration and Pulmonary Respiration

Question 20

Role of the cartilages in the larynx

Answer 20

They provide the lateral margins of the glottis and provide muscle attachment -allowing it to open and close

Question 21

A pair of lungs are found in the _____ part of the _____

Answer 21

anterior, body cavity

Question 22

Describe the lungs

Answer 22

They are ovoid, thin-walled, elastic sacs with
shallow internal folds or septa that increase the
inner surface to form alveoli

Question 23

What are the chambers or tiny air sacs in the lungs? Their function?

Answer 23

Alveoli, they are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration

Question 24

Name of the thin walls that seperate the chambers

Answer 24

The alveoli are seperated by thin walls called septa

Question 25

What are the two phases of the respiratory mechanism?

Answer 25

Inspiration and Expiration

Question 26

What occurs during inspiration?

Answer 26

This is when the frog takes in oxygen. During inspiration, the frog opens its external nostrils to let air in, while the glottis (the opening to the trachea or windpipe) is closed to prevent water and debris from entering the respiratory system.

Question 27

Now the glottis opens and the __________ bones
of lower jaw push the _____ bones of the upper jaw upwards closing the nostrils

Answer 27

Mentomeckelian, premaxillae

Question 28

What is the position of the sternohyals and petrohyals?

Answer 28

Sternohyals: on the buccal floor, Petrohyals: above buccal cavity

Question 29

What happens before expiration?

Answer 29

Before expiration, when lungs are filled with air, the glottis closes and the air is kept in the lungs for a short time

Question 30

Expiration

Answer 30

This is when the frog releases carbon dioxide. During expiration, the frog closes its external nostrils, and the glottis opens, allowing air to exit.