respiratory system Flashcards
what are the requirements for respiration
surface for gas exchange
selectively permeable membrane
moist membrane for oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion
extensive capillary network
effective ventilation
what are the primary functions of the respiratory system
provide area for gas exchange
move air to and from gas exchange area
what are the secondary functions of the respiratory system
protect respiratory surfaces from the environment
defend the respiratory tissue from pathogens
produce sound and enable protective and reflexive non breathing air movements
assist in control of blood volume, blood pressure and pH
what structures make up the upper respiratory system
nose and pharynx
what structures make up the lower respiratory system
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, pulmonary alveoli, lungs
what are the nares.
openings of nasal cavity
external and internal.
where is the entrance to the auditory tube
nasopharynx
where are the two tonsils in the respiratory tract
pharyngeal tonsil is by the nasopharynx
lingual tonsil is by the oropharynx
what is the function of the larynx
prevent food or liquid from entering trachea.
sounds
what is the framework of the larynx
3 large unpaired cartilage and six smaller paired
cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis form the large
cuneiform, corniculate, arytenoid form the smaller paired
where are the vocal chords located
in larynx
between thyroid and paired arytenoid cartilages
what is the junction of the trachea called
carina
in what directions do the primary bronchi go.
the right goes more vertical while the left goes more horizontal
what is the divisions of the bronchial tree
primary (principal) , secondary (lobar) +1R, tertiary(segmental) +1R, bronchioles
how are bronchioles different from from bronchi
bronchioles have thick smooth muscle walls with minimal cartilage.
