Respiratory System

Question 1

What characteristics of a frog’s skin makes it fit for cutaneous respiration?

Answer 1

mucous secreting + less keratin

Question 2

What is the structure that looks like hair/fur at the skin of an Astylosternus?

Answer 2

fingerlike papillae: extensions of the skin

Question 3

What is the function of the fingerlike papillae?

Answer 3

enables frog to breathe under water

Question 4

Agnathans have what kind of gills?

Answer 4

pouched gills

Question 5

In pouched gills the direction of flow of water is ________.

Answer 5

unidirectional

Question 6

Where is the destination of the respiratory medium in agnathans?

Answer 6

agnatha gills (branchial pouches)

Question 7

What is the exit point of the respiratory medium in agnathans?

Answer 7

gill pores

Question 8

In lampreys, where is the entry point of respiratory medium located?

Answer 8

external pores (at the side of lampreys)

Question 9

Lampreys sometimes use their mouths to attach to other animals, how then can they breathe without using their mouth?

Answer 9

can do bidirectional breathing + external gills

Question 10

In lampreys (pouched gill) water enters and exits where?

Answer 10

external pore

Question 11

What is the unique characteristic of the septal gill?

Answer 11

has an interbranchial septum

Question 12

What do you call the individual filaments of the lamella?

Answer 12

secondary lamella

Question 13

What do you call the row of filaments of the lamella?

Answer 13

primary lamella

Question 14

What is the respiratory structure where oxygen in water is absorbed into the bloodstream?

Answer 14

lamella

Question 15

What is the function of an interbranchial septum?

Answer 15

separates primary lamellae on both side of the gill ray

Question 16

What is the space between 2 lamella?

Answer 16

branchial pouch

Question 17

What is the space between 2 interbranchial septa and flap valves?

Answer 17

parabranchial pouch

Question 18

branchial pouch + parabranchial pouch =

Answer 18

respiratory unit

Question 19

What is the function of a flap valve?

Answer 19

respiratory water exits here (what you see when sharks breathe under water)

Question 20

Gills that are covered by the operculum are called _______.

Answer 20

operculum gills

Question 21

The operculum at a teleost fish is at the __________

Answer 21

tip

Question 21

Pretrematic demibranch of teleost gills are found where?

Answer 21

anterior side

Question 21

Teleost gills doesn’t have an interbranchial septum. What is the implication?

Answer 21

allows water to pass between distal hemibranch

Question 22

Posttrematic demibranch of teleost gills are found where?

Answer 22

posterior side

Question 23

Describe the gill filaments of a teleost fish.

Answer 23

fork-like

Question 24

In larval gills, what do you call the accessory gas exchange membrane?

Answer 24

external gills

Question 25

This is a cavity and site for gas exchange

Answer 25

faveolus

Question 26

What are the types of gill bars?

Answer 26

holobranch, hemibranch, pseudobranch

Question 27

What type of gill bar has filaments on one surface only?

Answer 27

hemibranch

Question 28

What type of gill bar has an anterior and posterior row of filaments?

Answer 28

holobranch

Question 29

Filaments on the posterior surface of the mandibular arch are modified to serve a non-respiratory function. What gill bar is described

Answer 29

pseudobranch

Question 30

How do elasmobranchs draw water in?

Answer 30

into the pharynx via mouth and spiracles

Question 31

What are the functions of the swim bladder?

Answer 31

assist floatation, gas exchange, sensory, produce sound

Question 32

What are the 2 types of swim bladders?

Answer 32

Physostomous & Physoclistous

Question 33

What type of swim bladder is connected to the gut via the pneumatic duct?

Answer 33

physostomous

Question 34

In species with a physoclistous swim bladder, how do they intake air?

Answer 34

swim bladder has gas glands to allow diffusion from the fish's blood

Question 35

In species with a physostomous swim bladder, how do they intake air?

Answer 35

go to the surface + "gulp" in atmospheric air. this is passed to the gas bladder via pneumatic duct

Question 36

What is the exit point of excess oxygen/air of the gas bladder

Answer 36

oval gland

Question 37

What auditory structure vibrates to produce sound (hint: waves traveled from gas bladder)?

Answer 37

weberian ossicle

Question 38

What structure is the voice box?

Answer 38

larynx

Question 39

What is the opening to the windpipe?

Answer 39

glottis

Question 40

What are the cartilages that act as a supporting structure for the larynx?

Answer 40

cricoid

Question 41

What is also known as the internal naris?

Answer 41

choana

Question 42

False vocal cords essentially don't have any vocalization functions. What then is its function?

Answer 42

assists epiglottis function (e.g. covers glottis when swallowing)

Question 43

What do you call the sound producing larynx of the avians?

Answer 43

TRICK QUESTION! They don't have sound-producing larynx

Question 44

What is the sound producing structure of an avian?

Answer 44

syrinx

Question 45

What structure vibrates and is inside the syrinx?

Answer 45

pessulus

Question 46

What kind of breathing pattern does a frog have?

Answer 46

cyclical breathing pattern

Question 47

Why are bird lungs rigid?

Answer 47

for streamline flying

Question 48

What structure, in a bird, drives movement of air?

Answer 48

anterior and posterior air sac

Question 49

Where does the anterior and posterior air sac insert into?

Answer 49

pneumatic foramina

Question 50

The dorsobronchus and ventrobronchules are what kind of bronchi?

Answer 50

secondary bronchi

Question 51

How many cycles of breathing does a bird have?

Answer 51

4

Question 52

The air from the anterior air sac exits out the wind pipe during which phase in avian breathing?

Answer 52

exhalation 2

Question 53

The avian cycle of breathing starts where?

Answer 53

entry of air towards posterior air sac

Question 54

When air moves from the posterior air sac to fill the parabronchi, what is being pushed out?

Answer 54

stale air

Question 55

The terminal bronchiole is connected to the alveoli via what?

Answer 55

alveolar ducts

Question 56

The ______ surrounds the lungs in tetrapods.

Answer 56

pleura

Question 57

The intrapleural cavity, in between the visceral and parietal plaura, is filled with ____________ to maintain ___________ pressure.

Answer 57

intrapleural fluid; negative

Question 58

Why is negative pressure in the lungs maintained during exhalation and inhalation?

Answer 58

to prevent collapse