Digestive System

Question 1

What is the tube that runs from the mouth to the aboral end?

Answer 1

alimentary canal

Question 2

Accessory glands are mainly composed of what?

Answer 2

major glands involved in digestion

Question 3

What region of gut contains yolk or is attached to yolk?

Answer 3

midgut

Question 4

The oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is part of which region of the gut?

Answer 4

foregut

Question 5

What are the 3 modes of feeding?

Answer 5

filter feeding, fluid feeding, bulk feeding

Question 5

The hindgut is composed of what organs?

Answer 5

large intestine + cloaca

Question 6

What is filter feeding?

Answer 6

that derive
food from particles that are either
suspended or dissolved in fluid

Question 6

What is fluid feeding?

Answer 6

diet is mostly fluid.

E.g. humans - breastmilk; humming birds - honey/nectar

Question 7

What is bulk feeding?

Answer 7

Evolutions of jawed animals or the
gnathostomes that can immediately
obtain a large mass of food

needs jaws

Question 8

What is the difference between the primary and secondary palate?

Answer 8

primary: internal nares lead into the oral cavity anteriorly

secondary: nasal passage is above secondary palate + opens at the end of oral cavity

Question 9

Teeth are derivations of ________.

Answer 9

dermal armor

Question 10

This primarily surrounds teeth.

Answer 10

enamel

Question 11

Most vertebrates except mammals replace teeth in _________.

Answer 11

“waves” = back to front, every other tooth

Question 12

How many sets of teeth do mammals generally have?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What kind of teeth attachment has a socket?

Answer 13

thecodont

Question 14

What kind of teeth attachment is on the surface only?

Answer 14

Acrodont

Question 15

Teeth attached to the medial side of the jaw bone is called what?

Answer 15

pleurodont

Question 16

What is needed to form a formative tooth?

Answer 16

dentinal pulp

Question 17

What is the glandular field found in frog tongue?

Answer 17

tuberculum impar

Question 18

Describe the tongue of turtles, crocodiles, and some birds.

Answer 18

mostly immobile

Question 19

The tongue is attached to the floor of the oral cavity in mammals via what?

Answer 19

frenulum

Question 20

What are the 3 main kinds of oral glands based on function?

Answer 20

salivary, poison, and anticoagulant gland

Question 21

What are the stages of swallowing?

Answer 21

1. oral phase: pinasok food; upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is contracted
2. pharyngeal phase: UES is relaxed; epiglottis closed
3. esophageal phase: UES contracted

Question 22

What are the layers of the alimentary canal?

Answer 22

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. external muscle layer
4. serosa

Question 23

What layer of the alimentary canal are the nerves and capillaries found?

Answer 23

lamina propria

Question 24

Sharks have a simple stomach but are mainly carnivores, how?

Answer 24

has a spiral valve (intestine) = increases inner surface area of digestive tract = increased absorption

Question 25

Birds have 2 stomach chambers, which is glandular?

Answer 25

proventricular

Question 26

Birds have 2 stomach chambers, which is keratinized?

Answer 26

gizzard

Question 27

What is the function of the diverticulum?

Answer 27

serves as temporary storage of food. When birds "luwa" feed for their kids

Question 28

What cell secretes H+ ions?

Answer 28

parietal cells

Question 29

In a ruminant stomach, what is known as the glandular stomach?

Answer 29

ambomasum

Question 30

In ruminants, what is the biggest stomach chamber that can also act as a fermentation chamber?

Answer 30

rumen

Question 31

What is the prominent caecum at the large intestine?

Answer 31

appendix

Question 32

What duct does the liver use to secrete bile?

Answer 32

hepatic duct

Question 33

What duct does the gallbladder use to secrete bile?

Answer 33

cystic duct

Question 34

Where does the pancreatic and common bile duct merge?

Answer 34

ampulla of vater

Question 35

Gastric juice is acidic but can be neutralized by bicarbonates in the antral region. T/F?

Answer 35

F

Question 36

Sanguinivores ingest food through a mode of __________.

Answer 36

fluid feeding

Question 37

he tunica submucosa is structurally similar to the _________ of the tunica mucosa.

Answer 37

lamina propia

Question 38

Bile and pancreatic juice collect into the _______ before being released to the duodenum.

Answer 38

ampulla of vater