Respiratory system

Question 1

Respiratory System

Main function :

Answer 1

Oxygen in , carbon dioxide out , sound production, pH balance.

Question 2

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli

Answer 2

( external respiration) .

Question 3

Surfactant :

Answer 3

Prevent alveolar collapse.

Question 4

Breathing control :

Answer 4

Medulla oblongata (detects CO2 levels).

Question 5

Diaphragm contracts — Inspiration ( inhale) ,

Answer 5

Diaphragm relaxes — Expiration (exhale).

Question 6

Right lung has 3 lobes .

Answer 6

Left lung has 2 lobes.

Question 7

Pleural fluid

Answer 7

reduces , friction during breathing.

Question 8

Oxygen transport :

Answer 8

Carried by hemoglobin in RBCs.

Question 9

CO2 transport :

Answer 9

Mostly in bicarbonate ion (HC03-) form in blood.

Question 10

Hyperventilation

Answer 10

— Decreases CO2 — Increased blood pH ( alkalosis).

Question 11

Hypoventilation

Answer 11

— Increases CO2 — Decreased blood pH ( acidosis) .

Question 12

COPD :

Answer 12

Chronic bronchitis + Emphysema ( smoking - related).

Question 13

Asthma :

Answer 13

Inflammation of airways — Wheezing, difficulty breathing.

Question 14

Cystic fibrosis :

Answer 14

Thick mucus buildup ( genetic disease).

Question 15

Trachea — Bronchi — Bronchioles

Answer 15

— Alveoli ( gas exchange site).