Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the primary function of the pulmonary system?

Answer 1

Ventilation and respiration

Question 2

What does respiration maintain in the body?

Answer 2

Supplies oxygen to organs, tissues, and cells and allows for the removal of carbon dioxide

Question 3

Where does nerve stimulation of breathing begin?

Answer 3

In the medulla oblongata and pons

Question 4

What composes pulmonary circulation?

Answer 4

Pulmonary arteries, pulmonary capillaries, and pulmonary veins

Question 5

What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

Answer 5

Contracts to pull air into the lungs during inspiration and relaxes to push air out during expiration

Question 6

Define atelectasis.

Answer 6

Collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of one lung

Question 7

What are the chief symptoms indicating respiratory tract disorders?

Answer 7

• Chest pain
• Dyspnea
• Cough
• Hemoptysis
• Dysphonia
• Chills
• Fever
• Wheezing
• Fatigue

Question 8

What is the common cold also known as?

Answer 8

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

Question 9

What viruses primarily cause the common cold?

Answer 9

Rhinoviruses

Question 10

What are the common symptoms of the common cold?

Answer 10

• Nasal congestion
• Sneezing
• Sore throat
• Hoarseness
• Coughing

Question 11

How long do symptoms of a common cold typically last?

Answer 11

5 to 7 days

Question 12

What is the treatment for a common cold?

Answer 12

• Rest
• Fluids
• Vaporizer
• Over-the-counter medications

Question 13

What should be avoided in treating infants and children with a cold?

Answer 13

Aspirin

Question 14

What is the drug of choice for pain relief in children with a cold?

Answer 14

Acetaminophen

Question 15

What is the mechanism of action of antihistamines?

Answer 15

Inhibit the action of or inhibit the formation of histamine

Question 16

What is the role of decongestants?

Answer 16

Stimulate adrenergic receptors to induce vasoconstriction in the nasal passages

Question 17

What is the prognosis for the common cold?

Answer 17

Usually benign and self-limiting

Question 18

What preventive measures can help control the transmission of cold viruses?

Answer 18

• Frequent hand washing
• Isolation during acute illness

Question 19

What are some complications of the common cold?

Answer 19

• Secondary bacterial infections

Question 20

What distinguishes pneumonia from pulmonary embolism in clinical presentation?

Answer 20

Pneumonia typically presents with productive cough, fever, and chest pain, while pulmonary embolism may present with sudden dyspnea and chest pain

Question 21

List some systemic disorders that might cause epistaxis.

Answer 21

• Hypertension
• Liver disease
• Coagulation disorders

Question 22

What is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide?

Answer 22

Lung cancer

Question 23

What are the possible health consequences of smoking tobacco?

Answer 23

• Lung cancer
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Cardiovascular disease

Question 24

What does the acronym COPD stand for?

Answer 24

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 25

What is the difference between pneumothorax and hemothorax?

Answer 25

Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural cavity; hemothorax is the presence of blood in the pleural cavity

Question 26

What is the cause of the instability of the chest wall in a patient with flail chest?

Answer 26

Multiple rib fractures leading to a segment of the chest wall moving independently

Question 27

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 27

* External respiration * Internal respiration

Question 28

What is the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance?

Answer 28

Adjust bicarbonate in the blood in response to carbon dioxide levels

Question 29

What is the function of pleural fluid?

Answer 29

Prevents friction and allows the pleurae to slide easily on each other

Question 30

What is the clinical course of infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 30

Characterized by fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes

Question 31

What is the pathologic change in the lungs during adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Answer 31

Increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane leading to pulmonary edema

Question 32

Explain who is at greatest risk for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia.

Answer 32

Infants and young children

Question 33

What are the two groups recommended to receive prophylactic use of influenza vaccines?

Answer 33

* Elderly * Immunocompromised individuals

Question 34

What is the prognosis of sarcoidosis determined by?

Answer 34

Severity of symptoms and extent of organ involvement

Question 35

What are common sense measures that can help control transmission of respiratory illnesses?

Answer 35

Avoiding overuse of drugs, taking medications only as instructed, and reporting warning signs of complications ## Footnote Warning signs include shortness of breath, severe headache, chest pain, high fever, dehydration symptoms, and stiff neck.

Question 36

What do antibiotics cure in relation to respiratory diseases?

Answer 36

Antibiotics do not cure the common cold ## Footnote Patients should be informed about the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for viral infections.

Question 37

What is sinusitis?

Answer 37

Acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses.

Question 38

What is the ICD-9-CM code for acute, unspecified sinusitis?

Answer 38

461.9

Question 39

What is the ICD-9-CM code for chronic, unspecified sinusitis?

Answer 39

473.9

Question 40

What is the ICD-10-CM code for acute sinusitis, unspecified?

Answer 40

J01.90

Question 41

What is the ICD-10-CM code for chronic sinusitis, unspecified?

Answer 41

J32.9

Question 42

How is sinusitis classified?

Answer 42

By location, type, and extent of pathology.

Question 43

What are the frontal sinuses?

Answer 43

Cavities located in the forehead above the eyes.

Question 44

What are the maxillary sinuses?

Answer 44

Cavities located behind the cheeks.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: Sinusitis involves inflammation of the _______ membranes of the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 45

mucous

Question 46

True or False: The sinuses are normally filled with liquid.

Answer 46

False ## Footnote The sinuses are normally air-filled cavities.