Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

histo exam 2 lecture > Respiratory System 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of rhythm do the cilia in the respiratory epithelium beat?

A

metachronal rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does irritation of the upper airways trigger? The lower airways?

A

upper - sneeze
lower - cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the lower respiratory tract begin?

A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main functions of the larynx?

A

produce sound and
to close the trachea during swallowing to prevent food &
saliva from entering the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which are more superior the false vocal cords or the true vocal cords?

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of epithelium are the false vocal cords made of?

A

respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of epithelium are the true vocal cords made out of?

A

stratified, squamous,
nonkeratinized epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the true vocal cords contain?

A

vocalis muscle and ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can cause issues with the left laryngeal nerve?

A

damage or tumoral involvement
metastatic lung cancer on the left side of the medistinum
aneurysm of the aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of epithelium is the trachea lined by?

A

respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the diagnostic features of the trachea?

A

16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
fibroelastic ligament
trachealis muscle
seromucous glands and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the fibroelastic ligament of the trachea composed of?

A

collagen and elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the bronchi cartilage differ from the trachea cartilage?

A

bronchi have cartilage plates rather than rings of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The smaller the bronchi the amount of cartilage _______ and the amount of smooth muscle _______ and the amount of glands and goblet cells _______.

A

The smaller the bronchi the amount of cartilage decreases and the amount of smooth muscle increases and the amount of glands and goblet cells decreases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the different in the secondary bronchi from the main bronchi?

A

supporting cartilages form irregular plates rather than rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the cartilage plates stop in the bronchi?

A

absent beyound 3’ bronchi

17
Q

What is the primary function of MALT in the respiratory tract?

A

secretion of IgA onto mucosal surfaces to protect from microbes

18
Q

Where are the lymphoid aggregates (MALT or BALT) located in the respiratory tract?

A

found in the lamina propria (layer of the subepithelial ct)

19
Q

What type of epithelium do the bronchioles change to?

A

begin as ciliated columnar and changes to cuboidal epithelium

20
Q

What do bronchioles lack?

A

cartilage and sero-mucus glands

21
Q

What do terminal bronchioles epithelium look like?

A

tall, pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium

22
Q

What do respiratory bronchioles epithelium look like?

A

simple, cuboidal to columnar (occasional alveoli)

23
Q

What cells replace the goblet cells in terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

A

clara cells (club cells; non-ciliated, dome-shaped, cuboidal to columnar cells)

24
Q

What do the clara cells protect and secrete?

A

bronchiolar epithelium by secretting Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) and lung surfactant

25
Q

What are the thin-walled structures surrounded by rich capillary networks, supplied by a pulmonary artery?

A

alveoli

26
Q

What are the walls between the alveoli called?

A

alveolar septa

27
Q

What type of pneumocytes are the flattened epithelial cells modified for gas exchange?

A

Type 1 pneumocytes

28
Q

What type of epithelium covers 95% of alveolar surface area?

A

simple squamous epithelium

29
Q

What does the air-blood barrier consist of?

A

Type I pneumocytes of alveoli, endothelial cells lining capillaries, & shared, fused basement membran

30
Q

What type of pneumocytes are larger, rounded, dome-shaped cells?

A

Type II pneuomocytes

31
Q

What are in type II pneumocytes?

A

intracytoplasmic granules called lamellar bodies
surfactant to extract

32
Q

What are the cells in the lung that phagocytize particulate matter and microbes (called called dust cells and heart failure cells)?

A

alveolar macrophages

33
Q

What pigment do the “heart failure” cells/alveolar macrophages have in them?

A

brownish-black hemosiderin pigment

histo exam 2 lecture (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions