Respiratory System Flashcards
(24 cards)
thoracic cavity
specially designed to perform breathing; lungs located here
nares
holes in nose
vibrissae
nasal hairs
pharynx
food and air
larynx
only air
glottis
opening of the larynx
epiglottis
covers the glottis to prevent food out of respiratory tract
vocal chords
maneuvered using skeletal muscle and cartilage
bronchioles
division of bronchi
alveoli
tiny balloon like structures where gas exchange occurs
surfactant
detergent that covers each alveoli and lower surface tension, preventing them from collapsing
pleurae
surround each lung
visceral pleura
lung side
parietal pleura
outer side
diaphragm
separates chest and abdominal cavities
pleural fluid
helps lubricate
ventilation center
neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate ventilation
mucociliary escalator
mechanism to propel mucus up to mouth
lysozyme
enzyme to attack gram-positive bacteria
macrophage
engulf and digest pathogens and single to the rest of the mine system that there is an invader
mast cells
in lungs; have antibodies attached to their surfaces so release inflammatory chemicals to start immune response
acidemia
when pH is low; respiratory rate increases to get rid of CO2
alkalemia
pH is too low; respiratory rate is slowed to retain CO2
bicarbonate buffer system
Co2+H2O=H2CO3=H+ + HCO3
