Respiratory System Chp. 22 (Test 4) Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is Boyle’s Law?
pressure and volume are inversely proportional to one another.
How does this law explain why air enters and leaves the lung?
as the pressure inside your chest cavity decreases your lung’s volume increases, and when the pressure inside your chest cavity increases your lung’s volume decreases.
What is the sequence of events of normal quiet inhalation?
- diaphragm contracts - flattens out
- enlargement of the thoracic cavity
- lung volume increases, lung pressure decreases
- atmospheric pressure > lung pressure
- air rushes in
What muscles are involved in quiet inhalation?
diaphragm, external intercostals
What is the sequence of events of normal quiet exhalation?
- all muscles relax and elastic recoil in lungs
- lung volume decreases, lung pressure increases
- air flows out
What are the muscles involved in forced inhalation?
diaphragm, scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid, erector spinae
What are the muscles involved in forced exhalation?
internal intercostals, internal obliques, external obliques, rectus abdominus, and transverse abdominus.
What is tidal volume?
normal quiet breathing moving 500 mL of air.
the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
the volume of air in excess that can be taken in.
the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration.
male- 3100 mL
female- 1900 mL
What is expiratory reserve volume?
the volume of air you can exhale in excess.
the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume expiration.
male- 1200 mL
female- 700 mL
What is residual volume?
the amount of air remaining in lungs after a forced expiration.
male- 1200 mL
female- 1100 mL
What is inspiratory capacity?
the maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal volume expiration.
tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume = inspiratory capacity
male- 3600 mL
female- 2400 mL
What is functional residual capacity?
the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration.
expiratory reserve volume + residual volume = functional residual capacity
male- 2400 mL
female- 1800 mL
What is vital capacity?
the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort.
inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume = vital capacity
male- 4800 mL
female- 3100 mL
What is total lung capacity?
the maximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort.
tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume = total lung capacity
male- 6000 mL
female- 4200 mL
What is forced vital capacity?
the amount of gas exhaled after max inhale but as fast as you can.
“healthy” lungs releases 80% of FVC in 1 second.
What is dead air?
about 150 mL of each breath that fills the conducting division and never gets to the alveoli.
What is the anatomical dead space?
the conducting division.
What is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure?
the total pressure of gas mixture equals the sum of the pressures of gases individually.
total pressure = P1 + P2 + P3….
describe alveolar gas exchange for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
partial pressure gradients of O2 and CO2 drive the diffusion of these gases across the respiratory membrane. O2 enters lungs and diffuses rapidly from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries. CO2 diffuses in the opposite direction along a much gentler pressure gradient. expiration then gradually expels CO2 from the alveoli.
What is oxyhemoglobin?
iron from hemoglobin binds with Oxygen. in oxygenated blood.
What is deoxyhemoglobin?
hemoglobin that has released oxygen.
How is oxygen transported in the blood?
oxygen is transported by either dissolved in the plasma or bound to hemoglobin.
explain oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
the more you work, the more oxygen that is used therefore the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is lower. the less you work, the less oxygen that is used therefore the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is lower. the oxygen binding strength changes with saturation therefore it is an s-shaped curve, not a straight line.
