Respiratory System | Lecture 10

Question 1

Identify the 6 functions of the upper respiratory system

B.G.A.F.V.O

Answer 1

Breathe = Breathing
Great = Gas exchange
Air = Acid Balance
For = Filters and Protects from pathagens and dehydration
Vibrant = Vocalisation
Oxygen =Olfaction (smell)

Question 2

Identify the structures of the respiratory tract

Nifty. Nasal. Passageways. Connect. Precisely to Lungs.

Answer 2

Nostril (external nares)
Nasal Cavities
Paranasal sinuses
Choanae (internal nares)
Paharynx (all 3 parts)
Larynx (voice box & adams apple)

Question 3

Functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Primary entrance for air
Warms & humidify air
Slows down the air
Starts the filteration through mucus

Question 4

In the nasal cavity mucus is coated on the …

Answer 4

Nasal Conchae

Question 5

Function of Olfaction nerves are for …

Answer 5

smell

Question 6

Location of the the olfaction nerves are …

Answer 6

Superior aspect of the the nasal cavity

Question 7

What are the 3 main paddles of the Nasal Wall

Answer 7

Superior concha & meatus
Middle concha & meatus
Inferior concha & meatus

Question 8

What are the functions of the Nasal Conchae

Answer 8

Slow down the breathing in of air, filter & warm air

Question 9

The Nasal Conchae are covered in …

Answer 9

Mucous

Question 10

The Conchae are the ……….. structures

Answer 10

Physical Structures

Question 11

The meatus is the ……. between the Conchae

Answer 11

Space

Question 12

The nasal cavity region is defined as …

Answer 12

Skull and Soft Palate

Question 13

What are the anterior, superior and inferior divisions of the Nasal Cavity Wall

Answer 13

Anterior = septal cartlidge
Superior = Ethmoid bone plate
Inferior = Vomer bone

Question 14

Where is the opening of the auditory tube?

Answer 14

Connection between the nasal cavity and ear

Question 15

Where is the nasolacrimal duct opening?

Answer 15

Also known as the tear duct carries tears from eye into the inferior nasal meatus
Located under inferior concha

Question 16

Where is the paranasal sinuses located?

Answer 16

Mostly under conchae

Question 17

What bones is the paranasal sinus housed in?

Answer 17

Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid

Question 18

What are the functions of the paranasal sunuses?

Answer 18

Lightens the bone
produce mucous
Warm & humidify air, slow
small contribution to resonance

Key respiratory function - give time for mucus to het up

Question 19

The regions of the pharynx include:

Answer 19

Nasopharynx - Skull > soft palate
Oroparynx - Soft palate > Hyoid bone
Larnugopharynx - Hyoid bone > cricoid cartlidge

Question 20

The nasal pharynx is designed only for …

Answer 20

Air travelling through it

Question 21

What is the only bone component of the Larynx?

Answer 21

Hyoid bone

Question 22

What are the 3 main openings - the openings are paired and same on left and right side

Answer 22

Interiorly - paranasal sinues* won’t need to identify this one on a diagram.
Nasolacrimal duct - cancal comes out in the nasal cavity

Question 23

Identify the opening of the auditory/pharyngotympanic tube

Answer 23

It is the auditory trube into nasopharynx - connection between nasal cavity and the auditory tube

Question 24

The Larynx starts where the ….

Answer 24

Epiglottis is

Question 25

The Larynx is a ....... tube and the space between it is called the .....

Answer 25

hollow Glottis

Question 26

At the end of the larynx commences the

Answer 26

Trachea - where airway starts

Question 27

Larynx cartlidges

Answer 27

Epiglottis Thryriod cartlidge Cricoid cartlidge Croniculate cartlidge Arytenoid cartlidge

Question 28

Identify the location of the Trachea

Answer 28

Question 29

The larynx is completely

Answer 29

enclosed and continusously covered in Bone Membrane Cartlidge Membrane Cartlidge Membrane Cartlidge Membrane

Question 30

The cartlidge helps keep airway ...... so that it never colapses

Answer 30

Rigid > allows flexibilty with neck movement

Question 31

Oesphagus is only made from

Answer 31

purley muscular - expands for large bolus Remember - muscles can only contract and not extend

Question 32

The Trachea is ........ shaped

Answer 32

U - so the cartlidege onl covers 3/4 of it due to the oesophagus that sits posteriorly and can expand when large bolus goes down using the space at the top of the Trachea

Question 33

What sits posterior to the Trachea?

Answer 33

Oesophagus

Question 34

Trachea travels down to

Answer 34

mid sternum

Question 35

The Trachea branches off at the junction called the

Answer 35

Carina

Question 36

The Carina is where the Trachea splits in

Answer 36

Two

Question 37

The benefits of having cartlidge membrane on the Trachea is that if we do need to bypass the respiratory tract - you can do a ....

Answer 37

Tracheostomy

Question 38

The Tracheas splits at the Carina to the

Answer 38

Bronchi Tree

Question 39

The 2 primary Bronchi refers to the ...

Answer 39

Left and Right lungs

Question 40

How many secondary bronchi on the right side?

Answer 40

3

Question 41

How many secondary bronchi on the left side?

Answer 41

2 (due to heart)

Question 42

Bronchi still has ....... wall but this time it goes ......... the way ..........

Answer 42

............ wall and .............. all the way around with the fucntion the same which is to keep the airway open for breathing

Question 43

What do Bronchioles branch into

Answer 43

Terminal bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles

Question 44

What is at the end of the Bronchioles?

Answer 44

one has gas exhancge and one doesn't

Question 45

What are the functions of the Terminal bronchioles and Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 45

Alveoli / sacs (dead end of the road)

Question 46

What are around the Alveoli sacs?

Answer 46

Mesh of Capillaries - spread all across Alveoli which is the area of gas exchange

Question 47

What are the major structures of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 47

Blood > fluid connective tissue that is transported in the cardiovas. system Blood vessels > Arteries - Carry Blood - Away - from heart >Capillaries - echange of gases, nutirents &waste products between blood & tissue > Veins - return blood toward heart Heart - muscular organ that pumps blood through blood vessels to all body parts

Question 48

What is the difference between Alveolar duct and Alveolar Sac

Answer 48

Alveolar duct - tunnel going through two Alveolar stuck together Alveolar sac - at the end by itself

Question 49

Once oxygen is pulled out of the air and tracvels into capillaries it will merge back to ............ .............. and travel back to the ....... side of the heart

Answer 49

pumonary veins left > more specifically the left atrium

Question 50

How many lobes are on the left lung?

Answer 50

2 lobes - Inferior and superior lobe

Question 51

How many lobes are on the right lung?

Answer 51

3 lobes - inferior, middle and superior lobe

Question 52

The primary Bronchi splits the

Answer 52

Left and Right Lung

Question 53

The Secondary bronchi

Answer 53

Splits the 2 secondary Bronchi lobes in the left lung 3 secondary Bronchi lobes in the right lung

Question 54

Inferior lobes are

Answer 54

Larger

Question 55

What divides the secondary lungs

Answer 55

Fissures

Question 56

The left lung has how many fissures?

Answer 56

1 fissure called an oblique fissure

Question 57

The right lung has how many fissures?

Answer 57

2 fissure called an oblique and horizontal fissure

Question 58

The lungs are covered by a serous membrance called

Answer 58

The pleura

Question 59

The heart is covered by a serous membrane called

Answer 59

The pericardium >parietal - outer wall >Visceral - inner wall

Question 60

Serous membranes are ...

Answer 60

Epithelium

Question 61

Serous fluid is found where?

Answer 61

Between the layers of membrane providing lubrication to allow sliding movements

Question 62

The visceral pleura sits on the ..... layer of the lungs

Answer 62

inner adhers to the tissue of the lungs insensitive to pain

Question 63

The parietal pleura sit on the ..... layer of the lungs

Answer 63

outer layer that lines the walls of the thoracic cage sensitive to pain

Question 64

What is the pleura cavity?

Answer 64

theoretical cavity - very thin layer like the space between two sandwiches. Jsut want a sandwhihc space with serous fluid

Question 65

the bronchi tree grows into the water balloon which is why you get almost perfect coating of the

Answer 65

Visceral pleura on the lung

Question 66

The Pneumothorax is when you get

Answer 66

air inside the pleural cavity due to an injury to the chest wall that will let air in the pleural space

Question 67

What is fundamental to how we breathe?

Answer 67

The pleura

Question 68

How do we get air in and out of lungs?

Answer 68

Humans are Negative title breathing - pressure lower than outside and we increase throascis cavity to suck the air from envrionment in and we create this using the diahragm

Question 69

What type of muscle is the Diaphragm?

Answer 69

Skeletal which means you have active control

Question 70

Contracts - AIR IN (breathe in) - the diaphragm pulls down - making thorasic cavity a bigger space and pull air in from envrionment to lungs

Answer 70

Shorten - push down - top is attached to parietal pleura (outside of lung) and increase the plural cavity/space - pull on visceral pleura like a syringe - expand the Alveolar sacs and as you increase the volume of the space in the lungs you decrease the pressure Chemisty: as you increase the volume of a space you are going to decrease the pressure (coffee container)

Question 71

Relaxation - Air OUT - diaphragm moves up

Answer 71

making space smaller by relaxing Diaphragm - pressure increase and push air out of lungs and is why we can blow out a candle out

Question 72

Costal breathing is moving your

Answer 72

Elevating ribs Ribs

Question 73

Diaphragmatic breathing ........ the thoracic cavity

Answer 73

expands (breath in)

Question 74

Thoracic cavity includes

Answer 74

thorax (chest) that contains heart lungs and diaphragm

Question 75

How does the thorax move?

Answer 75

Lke a bucket handle - push out laterally

Question 76

How do the ribs move?

Answer 76

Like a pump handle - breathe in handle goes down - breathe out handle goes up