Week 3 Flashcards
1
Q
The palate seperates the ……. & ……. cavities
A
oral & nasal
2
Q
Name the 2 parts of the palate
A
Hard palate (comprised of bone & non-mobile)
Soft palate (soft tissue including muscle - mobile)
3
Q
The palate is also known as the …
A
roof of the mouth
4
Q
Identify the hard & soft palate
A
5
Q
Identify the Palatine Rugae = (fold or wrinkle)
A
6
Q
Idetify the Incisive papilla overlying incisive fossa
A
7
Q
Identify the Palatine raphe
A
8
Q
The hard palate continues posteriorly into the ……. palate
A
soft
9
Q
Identify the Uvula (pear shaped projection) and Soft palate
A
10
Q
Identify the Tensor (tighten) veli palitini
A
Origin: sphenoid bone
Function: Tense the soft palate for swallowing or yawning
11
Q
Identify the Levator (lifts something) veli Palatini
A
Origin: part of the temporal bone
Function: elevates the soft palate above the neutral position
If you say ah and the muscle on each side is functioning normally the palate elevates evenly
12
Q
Identify the Palatopharyngeus muscle
A
origin: superior surface of the palatine
Function: depress the soft palate & elevate the pharynx (throat)
13
Q
Idenitify the Palatoglossus muscle
A
Origin: inferior surface of the palatine
At the lateral margine of the tongue
Function: depress the palate & elevate back of tongue
14
Q
Identify the Musculus Uvulae
A
Connective tissue of the uvula
Function: elevates and retracts uvula
thickens the central region of soft palate
Close the pharngeal isthmus
15
Q
Explain the Oral Vestibule
A
space external to the teeth and gums and between the cheeks
16
Q
Explain the Oral Cavity proper
A
Superior: Hard palate & soft palate
Inferior: Tounge
Anterior & Lateral: teeth and alveolar arches
Posterior: palatoglossal (behind Uvula & look like Big M)
17
Q
Identify this feature of the oral vestibule
A
Labial Frenula (attach the lips to the gum between upper and lower two front teeth)
18
Q
Identify this feature fo the oral vestibule
A
Superior Labial Frenula
19
Q
Identify the Palatoglossal (mouth/palate + tounge) arch
A
Anterior to Uvule > mouth + tounge arch
20
Q
Identify the Palatopharnyngeal (mouth/palate +throat) arch
A
Posterior the Uvula > mouth + throat arch
21
Q
Identify the Palatine tonsil
A
Palate = mouth > ‘mouth tonsil’ that sits inbetween the palatoglossal and the palatopharnygeal arches.
22
Q
What is this image showing?
A
Posterior wall of pharnyx
23
Q
What is this image of
A
Ithmus of fauces (inbetween the arches & includes the tonsils) It is the narrowing of the throat
24
Q
Identify this muscle and function
A
Muscle of Uvulae - elveatve the soft palate
25
Identify this muscle (palate + tounge)
Palatoglossus muscle
26
What are the functions of the tongue
Taste
Articulation
Mastication (chewing)
Deglutition (swallowing) >packs food into bolus > moves bolus into pharynx
27
What does the intrinsic muscles movement do?
Change shape of tongue
28
Identify and explain the root of the tongue
Anchors the tongue to the mandible
29
What do the extrinsic tongue musles do?
anchor and move tongue
30
What is this V shape feture of the tongue (between bumps)?
Terminal sulcus (groove) of the tongue
31
What are these features of the tongue?
Vallute papillae (small and rounded)
32
What feature does this dot represent?
Foramen (hole) cecum of tongue (midline of body of tongue)
33
Identify the Palatine and Lingual Tonsils
Palatine (between the arches)
Lingual (behind tongue)
34
What is this feature of the tongue?
Longitudinal Central (median) sulcus (groove)
It diveides the tongue into left and right halvesamen
Runs from the foramen (hole) tp the tip (apex) of the tongue
35
Identify this feature
Palatine tonsil (between the palatoglossal and palatppharynx arches of the oral cavity)
36
Identify this feature behind the tongue
Epiglottis (epi = outer + glottis =mouth of windpipe)
Attached to the larynx and acts as a flap covering the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the respitatory tract
37
Identify the features
38
What extrinsic tongue muscle is identified?
Styloglossus (attache to the styloid process / glossus = tounge) > upwards and backwards (retract)
39
What extrinsic tongue muscle is identified? (anchor & move)
Geniglossul (geni=chin > triangular in shape) protude and depress the tongue
40
Name the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles (anchor & move)
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyologlossus
41
What extrinsic tongue muscle is identified? (anchor & move)
Hyloglossus muscle (relationship to the Hyoid bone) (depress tongue)
42
What extrinsic tongue muscle is identified? (anchor & move)
Palatoglossus (relationship with soft palate) muscle - evelates the toungs and clsoes off oropharynx
43
What intrinsic tongue muscle is this? (alter shape)
Superior (top) longitudinal (long) muscle > shortens tongue
44
What intrinsic tongue muscle is this? (alter shape)
Inferior (toward feet) longitudinal (long) muscle
45
What intrinsic tongue muscle is this? (alter shape)
Vertical muscle > (looks like a fan) flatten and widen tonuge
46
47
What intrinsic tongue muscle is this? (alter shape)
Transverse muscle (sits above inferior and below superior = middle transverse muscle)
48
Identify the muscles of the tounge (sagittal view)
49
Identify the muscles of the tounge (coronal view)
50
The shape of the cheek is formed by what muscle?
Buccinator muscle
51
Functions of the tongue in speech
Articulator of speech
modifies the shape of the oral cavity
acts as valvel to inhibit flow of air
52
The 6 step process of the digestive system includes ... I.D.P.S.A.D.
Ingestion > swallowing process (deglutition)
Digestion > mechanical and chemical breakdown (bolus)
Propulsion > movement through GI tract via P & S
Secretion > release of compounds into digestive system
Absorption > transport of nutrients from the digestive systme to circulatory
Defecation > eliminations
53
Propulsion includes what movements (involuntary)
Peristalis - muscular wave contraction
Segmentation - back-an-forth churning > breaks down & mixes food
54
The Pharynx connects the
Oral cavity proper to the esophagus
55
The pharynx can be divided into 3 regions
Nasopharynx (not part of the digestive tract)
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx aka hypopharynx
56
What part of the pharyanx is highlighted
Oropharynx
57
Where does the Laryngopharynx aka hypopharynx start?
Appoximately level of the hyoid bone
58
What part of the pharyanx is highlighted?
Laryngopharynx aka hypopharynx
59
The Laryngopharynx is a passage way for
both food/drink bolus and air
60
The Epiglottis has an important role in guiding
down the correct tubes = food > esophagus and air=larynx
61
The glottal and Supra-glottal are?
Sound source part of the larynx responsible for speech
62
Important structures for articulation include
lips
teeth
tongue
had palate
soft palate
cheeks
jaw
63
Identify the blue box facial features
Root
Bridge
Naris
Angle of mouth
Tubercle of upper lip
Tip or Apex
64
The Facues is the
Arched opening at the back of mouth leadning to the pharynx
65
The Suprahyoid muscles are referred to as accessory muscles of mastication and include:
Geniohyoid (geni =chin)
Mylohyoid (mylo=molars)
66
Is this the genihyoid or mylohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid (stright muscle) also attaches to the Hyoid bone
depresses mandible and helps open the mouth and pulls the hyoid bone forward and up during swallowing
67
Is this the genihyoid of mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid (fan to molars)
Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth and depresses mandible
Attached too hyoid bone
68
The tongue has what type of muscles?
intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
69
What passes through the Nasopharynx > air and/or food & drink?
Air only > nasal cavity (air)
70
What is the trachea?
Part of the respitory system and carries air into and out of the lungs (windpipe)
71
What is the oesophagus system?
Part of digestive system and carries food and drink from mouth to stomach
72
Ingestion is an important entrance for ...... & ...... into the body, and the early stages of the .............. process (deglutition)
food & drink
Swallowing
73
The Larynx is the ?
Voicebox
74
The Epiglottis is behind the
Tounge
75
The functions of the oral cavity & associted structures include:
1. Ingestion
2. Sensory perception (food)
3. Mechanical & chemical digestion (mastication, lubrication & enzymatic breakdown of food bt amylase in the saliva)
4. Passageway (communication between the digestive & respiratory tracts
76
The isthmus of the facues is formed by
Palatglossal
palatphayrngeal
palatin tonsils
Uvula
77
Identify the arches
Palatoglossal
Palatophyarngeal
78
Identify the oral cavity regions
A. oral Vestibule (between the teeth and cheeks)
B. Oral cavity proper
79
The roof of the mouth anterior includes
palatine bones (paired)
maxillae (paired)
80
The roof of the mouth posterior includes
soft palate (velum)
81
The Mylohyoid muscle
Majority of the floor of the mouth and support the salivary glands
82
Identify the Superior labial frenulum and Inferior labial frenulum
Top = Superior Labial (lips) Frenulum (thin connection)
Bottom = Inferior Labial Frenulum
83
Identify the coloured muscles of the the cheek (lateral)
Yellow = buccinator
Green = Obicularis
84
Identify the 3 x labial features
Top = Superior labial frenum
Bottom = Inferior labial frenum
Under the tounge = frenulum (thin) linguae (tongue)
85
Saliva
97-99% water
mucin
enzymes = amylase (digestive) and lysozyme (restricts microorganism growth)
speech production
taste
86
What salivary gland is this?
sublingual gland
produce a mucous
87
Review Mylohyoid muscle
sits Inferior to sublingual gland
88
Review the geniohyoid muscle
sits inferior to the mylohyoid muscle
89
Review the stylohyoid (=arch) muscle
90
What salivary gland is this?
submandibular (madi = mandible > triangle of neck)
Floor of mouth
Approx 70% saliva
91
What salivary gland is this?
The Parotid gland - largest salivary gland (borders the masseter muscle)
The Parotid Duct can be felt inside the cheek
Inferior to the zygomatic arch
approx 25% saliva
rich in amylase
92
The submandibular gland floor is made up of the mylohyoid muscle
93
identify this duct
Sublingual caruncle and opening of submandular duct
94
Incisors teeth are for
Biting, cutting and shearing food
95
Canines are for
Ripping or tearing
96
Premolars + molars are for
chewing, crushing and grinding
97
What are the 3 regions of a tooth structure
Crown > covered by enamel
neck > small region between crown & root
root > calcified tissue
98
What area of the tooth is shown
Enamel
99
What are of the tooth structure is shown
Cementum (cement to hold tooth in gum)
100
What area of the tooth is shown
Dentin (under the enamel and support the enamel)
101
What area of the tooth is shown
Pulp cavity/chamber > rich in nerves & blood vessels
102
What area of the tooth is shown
Root canal
103
Surface of teeth directional reference
>Distal
Away from midline (front) of face
104
Surface of teeth directional reference
>Mesial
Surface closet to midline (front of mouth)
105
Surface of teeth directional reference
>Buccal
Surface toward cheek (over last 5 teeth)
106
Surface of teeth directional reference
>Labial
Front lips (over the first 3 teeth)
107
Surface of teeth directional reference
>Lingual
Surface that faces the tongue
108
Deciduous teeth are
Primary
109
Permanent teeth
Secondary (e.g. pre-molars)
110
What is occlusion
relationship between upper and lower teeth - when in contact e.g. chewing
111
What is malocclusion
overbite and underbite - jaw (difficulty achieving lip seal)
112
What muscle is highlighted?
Orbicularis oculi - to wink
113
What muscle is highlighted?
Lacrimal part of orbicularis
114
What muscle is highlighted?
gator superchilii - pulls eyebrows
115
What muscle is highlighted?
Oribital part of the orbicularis oculi
116
What muscle is highlighted?
Palpebral part of orbicularis occuli
117
What muscle is highlighted?
Nasalis
118
What muscle is highlighted?
Transverse part of nasalis (narrows nostrils)
119
What muscle is highlighted?
Alar part of the nostril > flares
120
What muscle is highlighted?
Procerus (activate when you smell something unpleasent)
121
What muscle is highlighted?
Depressor septi nasi
122
What muscle is highlighted?
Obicularis oris (whistle or blow bubbles)
123
What muscle is highlighted?
Buccinator > forms the muscular base of cheek
124
What muscle is highlighted?
Levator labii alaeque nasi
125
What muscle is highlighted?
Levator labii superioris (evelates upper lip)
126
What muscle is highlighted?
Zygomaticus minor = pulls corners of mouth upwards and outwards (smile)
127
What muscle is highlighted?
Zygomatic major
128
What muscle is highlighted?
Levator anguli oris = lifts corners of mouth (smile)
129
What muscle is highlighted?
Risorius (laughter)
130
What muscle is highlighted?
Depressor anguli oris (sad face)
131
What muscle is highlighted?
Depressor labii inferioris = pulls lip lower and downward
132
What muscle is highlighted?
Mentalis (pout lip)
133
What muscle is highlighted?
Occipital frontalis (surprised movements)
134
What muscle is highlighted?
Platysama (tense skin of neck & depress lower lip)
135
What muscle is highlighted?
Auicularis anterior muscle
136
What muscle is highlighted?
Auricularis posterior muscle
137
What muscle is highlighted?
Auricularis superior muscle
138
What muscle is highlighted?
Levator anguli oris muscle
139
What muscle is highlighted?
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
140
Where does the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) join?
Joins temporal bone and Mandible
Main movements of the mandible at TMJ
141
Elevation and depression TMJ movement (saggital plane)
Elevtion - lifting superiorly
Depression - moving body part inferiorly
142
Protraction and Retraction TMJ movement (saggital plane)
Protraction - moving body part anteriorly
Retraction - moving body part in the posterr direction
143
Moving the mandile left and right - lateral movements
side-to-side
144
What skull bone is this?
Mandible
145
What part of the jaw is hihglighter
Alvelor - anchors the lower teeth
146
What skull bone is this?
Maxilla
147
What skull bone is this?
Mental Foreman
148
What skull bone is this?
Ramus of the Mandible
149
What gland is highlighted?
Parotid gland
150
What is identifed in the image?
Angle of the mandilble
151
What is highlighted?
The Coronoid process (important attachment site for the temporalis and masseter muscles
152
What is highlighted?
The mandiblular notch
153
What is highlighted?
Condylar process > works with the squamous part of the temporal bone
The tip of the condylar process is know as the head of the mandible and connects to the TMJ (condyle=knuckle)
154
What is highlighted?
The Temporalmandibular joint TMJ
155
What does the TMJ connect
Connects the ramus of the mandible to the neurocranium when the mouth is opened and closed
156
What is highlighted?
Articular disk sits in the TMJ that allows for protraction and retraction and elevation and depression
157
What is highlighted?
Neck of the mandible that is inferior to the condylar process
158
What is highlighted?
Pterygoid fovea of mandible (wing) and provides a distal attachment site for the lateral pterygoid muscle
159
What muscle is highlighted?
The masseter muscle (one of the muscles of mastication)
160
What bone is highlighted?
Ethmoid bone
161
What bone is highlighted?
Sphenoid bone
162
What bone is highlighted?
Inferior nasal concha
163
What bone is highlighted?
Lacrimal bone
164
What bone is highlighted?
Vomer
165
What bone is highlighted?
Palatine bone
166
What bone is highlighted?
Zygomatic bone
167
What bone is highlighted?
Temporal bone
168
Features associated with the condylar process?
Head of mandible
Neck of mandible
169
Elevation of the mandible is (sagittal plane)
lifting - mouth closed
170
Depression of the mandible (sagittal plane)
moving inferiorly
171
Protraction or protrusion (sagittal plane)
Jaw moving anteriorly (forward)
172
Retraction or retrusion (sagittal plane)
moving posteriorly (backward)
173
Left and right mandible movements (lateral plane)
Asymmetrical side-to-side
174
Identify 1 and 2
1. Mandibular Condyle (TMJ connection)
2. Temporal Fossa
175
Identify the aqua
upper joint cavity - protrusion & retrusion
lower joint cavity - elevation & depression
176
identify the blue
articular disc - moves by lateral pterygoid
177
identify 1
mandibular fossa
178
identify 2
articular tubercle
179
Identify 3
lateral pterygoid
180
Muscles that depress (hinge) the mandible > initial opening
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
181
Muscles that drepress the mandible further
Digastric
Geniohyoid
External pterygoid
182
Mandible Muscles that support elevation
masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
183
Muscles that support protrusion
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid
184
Muscles that support depression
Genihyoid
Diagastic
mylohyoid
+ lateral ptygoid
185
muscles that support retraction
temporalis
geniohyoid
diagrastic
mylohyoid
186
muscles that suport lateral deviation (side-to-side)
lateral ptyergoid
temporalis
187
Identify the 3 root nerves
Yellow = sensory root
Green = opthalmic
Blue = maxillary
Red = Mandibular (review mandibular branch)
188
Identify the paired cylindrical muscles that elevates the palate horizontally
Levator veli palatini
189
The palatapharyngeal arch guides the bolus of food into the
lower pharynx during swallowing (deglutition)
190
Identify the divisions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx (adenoids)
Oropharynx (palatine tonsil, palatopharngeus, Palatoglossus)
Laryngopharynx
191
Identify the muscle
Tensor veli palatini > tenses and elevates soft palate
192
Identify the muscle & arrows
Musculus uvulae
Levator veli palatini
193
Identify the green
Epiglottis > closes off during swallowing to close the larynx the food bolus goes to the oesphagus and not respiratory tract and not to the lungs through the larynx
194
The velum =soft palate closes off the nasopharynx from the
osopharynx > control food/drink and air between nasal and pharynx
195
Identify the tonsils and throat features
Nasal cavity
hard palate
soft palate
nasopharynx
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Oropharynx
Tongue
Lingual Tonsil
Laryngopharynx
196
Identify the 3 areas of the pharynx
Nasopharynx > respiration
Oropharynx > respiration & digestion > oral cavity
Laryngopharynx > respiration & digestion > larynx & oesphagus
197
Identify the pharyngeal constrictor muscles
superior pharyngeal constrictor > aids in velopharyngeal closure
middle pharyngeal constrictor > narrows diameter of the pharynx facilitate peristalic movement of the food (wave like)
inferior pharyngeal constrictor > reduces the diameter of the lower pharynx facilitate peristalic movement of the food (wave like)
into = Esophagus
198
Identify the posterior view of the pharyngeal muscles
199
Deglutition =
swallowing
200
