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NUR4032 > Respiritory > Flashcards

Respiritory Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Sinuses
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
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2
Q

What are the five roles of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Filters air
  • Warms air
  • Moistens air
  • Detects smells
  • Voice
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3
Q

What are the three types of pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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4
Q

what are the two roles of the pharynx?

A
  • Passage for air and food
  • Assists vocalization
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5
Q

What is the role of the Epiglottis?

A

Prevents food and liquid from entering the airway.

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6
Q

What are the two roles of the Larynx?

A
  • Produces sound
  • Protects the airway during swallowing.
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7
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
  • Lungs
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8
Q

What is the role of the Trachea?

A

Conducts air to and from the lungs

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9
Q

What is the shape and material that makes up the Trachea?

A

C- shaped rings of cartilage

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10
Q

What does the Bronchial Tree connect?

A
  • Trachea to Alveoli
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11
Q

How many lobes per lung and what are their names?

A
  • Right lung: 3 lobes ( Superior, Middle and Inferior)
    Left lung: 2 lobes ( Superior and inferior)
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12
Q

What are the intercostal muscles connected to and what is their role?

A

Connected to the ribs; role is to aid in breathing and expanding and contracting the ribcage.

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13
Q

What separates the abdomen and thorax?

A
  • Diaphram
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14
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs

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15
Q

What is the role of a type 1 cell in an alveolus?

A

Gas exchange

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16
Q

What is the role of a type 2 cell in the alveolus?

A
  • Secretes surfactant to reduce surface tension
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17
Q

What is the role of a macrophage?

A
  • Englufs and digests pathogens and debris in the lungs?
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18
Q

What are the correct terms for front and back when considering anatomy?

A

Anterior (front) and posterior (back)

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19
Q

What does the left lung only have 2 lobes?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • To make space for the heart
20
Q

What is the name of the smaller airways that branch off from the trachea towards the alveoli?

21
Q

Which two vessels make up pulmonary circulation?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
22
Q

Why is the pulmonary artery different to the other arteries?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • It carries deoxygenated blood
23
Q

On average, how many alveoli does a healthy adult have?

Study These Flashcards
A

Around 500 million

24
Q

What are the five functions of the respiratory system?

Study These Flashcards
A

VAPOR
- Ventillation
- Acid- base balance
- Protection
- Olfaction (smell)
- Respiration (gas exchange)

25
Respiration is the primary function of the respiratory system, how does it work?
By exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood.
26
What are the four processes of respiration?
- Pulmonary ventilation - External respiration - Transport of gases - Internal respiration
27
What is ventilation known as?
- Breathing
28
TRUE OR FALSE: Ventilation relies on the pressure changes between the lungs and atmosphere.
True
29
What happens in inspiration?
- Diaphragm contracts - Thoracic cavity expands - Air is drawn into the lungs
30
What happens in expiration?
- Diaphragm relaxes - Thoracic cavity decreases - Air is pushed out of the lungs ( intrapersonal pressure rises)
31
Respiratory muscles must over come three factors, the energy required to do this is called the work of breathing. What are the three factors?
- Airway resistance - Lung compliance - Surface tension
32
What is tidal lung capacity?
- The total amount of air the lungs can hold
33
What is tidal volume?
- The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing
34
What is minute volume?
The total volume of air breathed per minute ( tidal volume x respiratory rate)
35
What receptors detect the need to change breathing
- Chemoreceptors ( peripheral and central
36
Where are the chemoreceptors located?
Central: Medulla oblongata Peripheral: Carotid and aortic bodies
37
Where are the control centres for breathing?
Medulla oblongata and pons
38
What is the definition of diffusion?
- Passive movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration
39
What is external respiration?
Gaseous exchange between alveoli and pulmonary cavities
40
What is internal respiration?
Gaseous exchange between systemic capillaries and body tissues
41
What is the cellular process that requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide?
Aerobic cellular respiration
42
What is the name of low oxygen in blood?
Hypoxaemia
43
How many oxygen molecules can a haemoglobin carry?
4
44
What is the name for when oxygen is bonded with iron ions?
- Oxyhaemoglobin
45
What is high CO2 in the blood called?
- Hypercapnia

NUR4032 (6 decks)

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