Responding to Crime Part 3 – Prison Population, Youth Justice, & some Alternatives to Prison

Question 1

Canada’s incarceration rate

Answer 1

118/100,000 population in 2013–14

Question 2

Remand custody

Answer 2

Holding those who await further court appearances in corrections facilities.

Question 3

In Prison population how much do males outnumber females: ratio

Answer 3

10:1

Question 4

Indigenous people comprise ___% of the prison population (_% of the Canadian population).

Answer 4

Indigenous people comprise 23.2% of the prison population (4% of the Canadian population).

Question 5

African Canadians comprise % of the federal prison population (% of the Canadian population).

Answer 5

African Canadians comprise 9% of the federal prison population (3% of the Canadian population).

Question 6

African Canadians males comprise __% of the Ontario provincial prison population (__% of the Ontario population).

Answer 6

African Canadians males comprise 22% of the Ontario provincial prison population (5.2% of the Ontario population).

Question 7

Those incarcerated generally

Answer 7

1. lack of formal education
2. have poor employment histories
3. suffer from substance abuse, fetal alcohol syndrome, and other mental health problems.

Question 8

Youths:
seen to be in a “state of ____”
not considered to be “criminals”
considered more amenable to ________
required _________.

Answer 8

seen to be in a “state of delinquency”
not considered to be “criminals”
considered more amenable to reform
required specific treatment.

Question 9

What court system established for juveniles?

Answer 9

separate court systems

Question 10

Youth Criminal Justice Act (ycja), 2003

Answer 10

12–17 year olds

Question 11

Extra-judicial measures

Answer 11

Youth are diverted away from the criminal justice system

Question 12

Police can give (3) to youth

Answer 12

• warning
• charge them
• invoke an extra-judicial measure

Question 13

(YCJA) has ____ the rates in the use of court and custody without increasing recorded youth crime.

Answer 13

reduced

Question 14

Conditional sentences is ____ sentencing

Answer 14

intermediate

Question 15

When was Conditional sentences introduced

Answer 15

1996

Question 16

Goal of Conditional sentences

Answer 16

reduce prison populations

Question 17

Example of conditions in conditional sentencing

Answer 17

1. Drug/ Alcohol treatment programs
2. Curfew
3. House Arrest
4. Electronic monitering

Question 18

General principals behind Conditional sentences

Answer 18

1. Denunciation
2. Individual deterrence
3. Rehabilitation

Question 19

Alternatives to Incarceration

Answer 19

Boot camp: inmates are treated like army cadets.

Question 20

Project Turnaround 1997-2004

Answer 20

Project Turnaround was a private youth detention centre for male young offenders between 16 and 18 years of age that operated from 1997 to 2004 in Hillsdale, Ontario, Canada. The facility held up to 32 high-risk youths at a time who were serving sentences for crimes such as assault, robbery, forcible confinement, escape, and weapons charges.[3] Youth serving sentences for crimes such as murder, arson, and sexual assault were not eligible for admission to Project Turnaround. The program had an annual budget of $2.3 million.

Question 21

recidivism

Answer 21

the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend.

Question 22

Research by Doob and Cesaroni (2004)—reported ________ recidivism differences between boot camp participants and comparison group.

Answer 22

no significant