Resporatory System

Question 1

What is TV?

Answer 1

Tidal volume

Question 2

What is BF?

Answer 2

Breathing frequency

Question 3

What is MV?

Answer 3

Minute ventilation

Question 4

Explain all three lung volumes?

Answer 4

TV - volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs per breath
BF - breaths per minute
MV - amount of air we ventilate in and out per minute

Question 5

What are the three values at rest?

Answer 5

TV - 500ml
BF - at rest 12-20
MV - 6-10L/min

Question 6

What does sub-maximal exercise look like as an equation?

Answer 6

> 500ml x >20bpm = 20L/min

Question 7

What does maximal exercise look like as an equation?

Answer 7

Up to 3L x 70-120bpm = 120L/min

Question 8

How would more breathing frequency effect a graph?

Answer 8

Narrower width in between spikes

Question 9

What are the lung volumes like during recovery?

Answer 9

Bringing down TV slowly - values similar to sub-maximal

Question 10

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 10

The process where gases move passively by diffusion across a surface

Question 11

What is an alveolus?

Answer 11

A singular alveoli

Question 12

What is the concentration of O2 and Co2 in a alveolus (as a %)?

Answer 12

20% oxygen
0.04% carbon dioxide

Question 13

What is the concentration of O2 and Co2 in a capillary (high and low)?

Answer 13

Low concentration of O2
High concentration of CO2

Question 14

The cell wall of a capillary is partially permeable, what does that mean?

Answer 14

There are gaps for molecular gases

Question 15

What is a diffusion gradient?

Answer 15

Net movement of molecules from an area where they are at a higher concentration to areas where they are at a lower concentration

Question 16

During exercise what’s the concentration Of O2 and CO2 like in muscle tissue and capillaries (high and low)?

Answer 16

Low O2 High CO2
High O2 Low CO2

Question 17

What happens as a result of the diffusion gradient in muscles during exercise?

Answer 17

CO2 leaves muscles, oxygen goes into the muscles all via capillaries

Question 18

During exercise does the rate of diffusion go up?

Answer 18

Yes as diffusion gradient goes up so does the rate of diffusion

Question 19

What is oxygen dissociation?

Answer 19

The tendency of oxygen to leave behind haemoglobin

Question 20

What shifts the Bohr curve?

Answer 20

Lower Ph, higher CO2, lactic acid and temperature

Question 21

Why does temperature go up during exercise?

Answer 21

As energy is exothermic

Question 22

What does the diaphragm do during inspiration and expiration

Answer 22

The diaphragm contracts and flattens
The diaphragm relaxes

Question 23

What do the intercostal muscles do during inspiration and expiration

Answer 23

External Intercostals contract and the ribs move up and out
External intercostals relax and internal intercostals contract ribs move down and in some

Question 24

What does the sternocleidomastoid do during inspiration and expiration

Answer 24

Contracts and lifts your chest up and outwards
And relaxes on expiration

Question 25

What do the abdominals do during inspiration and expiration

Answer 25

Abdominals relax and contract on expiration to push air out