Resting Membrane Action Potentials

Question 1

what must occur to do any kind of activity voluntary and involuntary

Answer 1

Transmission of Signals

Question 2

what must exist so signals may be sent to any cells

Answer 2

Electrical Potential

Question 3

what happens when Electrical Potential is achieved

Answer 3

Electrochemical impulses are generated which carry signals to cells

Question 4

This is the potential difference between intracellular and Extracellular fluid

Answer 4

Membrane potential

Question 5

Two types of Membrane Potential

Answer 5

• Resting Membrane P

- Action P

Question 6

Rapid changes in the membrane spreading along the nerve fiber

Answer 6

Action Potential membrane

Question 7

Cells are at rest, no change is happening

no net charge

Answer 7

RMP

Question 8

When there is an concentration gradiant

Answer 8

there is an electrical difference

Question 9

this is the main force responsible for the establishing of the concentration K+ and Na+

Answer 9

Sodium potassium pump

Question 10

this is higher intercellularly

Answer 10

Ka+

Question 11

this is higher Extracellularly

Answer 11

Na+

Question 12

how to equalize the concentration

Answer 12

K+ moves out thru Potassium leak channels

Question 13

what happens when K+ moves out to the outer membrane from the cyptoplasm

Answer 13

outer membrane- electro positive

cytoplasm- Electronegative

Question 14

how does the K+ go back in

Answer 14

the accumulation of anions attract Ka+ in

Question 15

What is the RMP of the large nerve Fiber

Answer 15

-90MV

Question 16

this is the Exact point of K* moving is the same of K+ moving back in

Answer 16

Equilibrium Nerst Potential

Question 17

what is the MV of Ka+

Answer 17

.94mv is needed to attarct Ka+

Question 18

Mv of NA+

Answer 18

+61mV

Question 19

how do you obtain nerst potential or what equation do you use to obtain nerst

Answer 19

Nernst Equation

Question 20

this equation is used to get all the ions involved

Answer 20

Goldman Equation

Question 21

How do you get the -90mv of the large nerve

Answer 21

get all the mv of ions using the goldman equation.

Question 22

this equation if also put in the goldman eq.

Answer 22

Nernst equation

Question 23

what is the result when nersnt equation is put in goldman Eq.

Answer 23

you find the -.86mv = it’s the potential inside the membrane

Question 24

Rmp is -90mv

what happens to the -4?

Answer 24

-4 comes from the NaK pump

it adds additional negativity inside

Question 25

significance of RMP

Answer 25

- basic Cell to cell communication - keeps cells ready for Action potential - RMP is the driving force for ions to enter cells

Question 26

What is the movement of ACTION POTENTIAL

Answer 26

unidirectionals

Question 27

where does the nerve signal arise during acition potential

Answer 27

1st node of Ranvier and Axon Hilock

Question 28

how does Action Potential work. what happens during AP

Answer 28

Rapid change of normal resting negative membrane to positive potential. ends equally rapidly

Question 29

Initiation of Action Potential

Answer 29

- Stimulus triggers RMP - cell becomes permeable NA+ - NA+ enter cells - cell reaches THRESHOLD POTENTIAL (-55) - if -55 is not reached no AP

Question 30

what is the MV of Threshold Potential of large nerves

Answer 30

-55mv

Question 31

integral membrane proteins that change conformation in response to depolarization of the membrane potential, open a transmembrane pore, and conduct sodium ions inward to initiate and propagate action potentials

Answer 31

VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL

Question 32

2 gates of Voltage gated Sodium Channel

Answer 32

- Activation gate | - inactivation gate

Question 33

this gate is towards the outside the cell

Answer 33

Activation gate

Question 34

this gate is towards the inside

Answer 34

inactivation gate

Question 35

3 stages of voltage gated sodium channel

Answer 35

- Resting stage - Activated stage - inactivated stage

Question 36

this stage of volted gated stage NA - ions can no longer enter channels and repolarization is occuring

Answer 36

Inactivated stage | +35 to -90mv

Question 37

this stage of volted gated stage NA - membrane is at -90 | activation gate is closed so no influx is happening

Answer 37

Resting stage

Question 38

this stage of volted gated stage NA - -90 to +35 | opening of activation gate abd influx of Na ions making the channel more positive

Answer 38

Activated stage

Question 39

are transmembrane channels responsible for returning the depolarized cell to a resting state after each nerve impulse

Answer 39

VOLTAGE-GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL

Question 40

2 stages of Voltage gated K+ channels

Answer 40

- Resting stage | - slow activation stage

Question 41

this stage of voltage of is at -90mv. preventing efflux of K+

Answer 41

Resting stage

Question 42

this stage of voltage of is at K+ is fully open and Na+ is closing

Answer 42

Slow activation stage

Question 43

Stages of Action potential

Answer 43

- Resting stage - Depolarization - Repolarization - hyperpolarization - Recovery

Question 44

2 ion channels

Answer 44

Sodium channel | potassium channel

Question 45

Action potential stage where - Na+ channe closes and K channels open goes back to normal resting membrane

Answer 45

Repolarization

Question 46

Action potential stage where - excess exit of K+ and membrane will be more negative than RMP

Answer 46

Hyperpolarization

Question 47

Action potential stage where - resting membrane before the AP begins. polarized at this stage and -70

Answer 47

Resting stage

Question 48

Action potential stage where - membrane become more permeable to NA+ hence more positive and -70mv is neutralized

Answer 48

Depolarization

Question 49

what happens when excess NA go into Large nerves

Answer 49

it goes in and overshoots near or beyond zero and becomes positive

Question 50

what happens when excess NA goes into small fibers

Answer 50

it goes to 0 and does not overshoot

Question 51

Action potential stage where - ions go back to normal. refractory period

Answer 51

Recovery

Question 52

this is transmission of depolarization along a nerve or fiber

Answer 52

Impulse

Question 53

characteristics of Action Potentials

Answer 53

- All or nothing - Absolute refractory period - Relative Refractory period

Question 54

this characteristic of Ap. process will travel only if conditions are right action potential must be higher or equal to threshold to proceed

Answer 54

All or nothing principle

Question 55

this characteristic of Ap. starts at start of AP (Upstroke) until repolarization (downstroke) - 2nd ap will not occure - NA channels will be inhibited and membrane must return to RMP

Answer 55

Absolute Refractory period

Question 56

this characteristic of Ap. Rmp is attained at Hyperpolarization - stimulus must be greater than threshold but energy will be less

Answer 56

Relative Refractory period

Question 57

2 types of transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 57

- Non saltatory | - Saltatory conduction

Question 58

this is the continous conduction - charges will leak and decrease in charge AP will stop

Answer 58

Non Saltatory Conduction

Question 59

this type of nerve transmission travels from node to node myelin sheaths prevent leakages enables transmit effectively

Answer 59

Saltatory conduction

Question 60

this nerve transmission has small nerve fiber | no myelin sheaths and velocity at 0.25

Answer 60

non saltatory

Question 61

this nerve transmission has large nerve fiber | with mylein sheaths and 100 velocity

Answer 61

Saltatory conduction