Synaptic and Jucntional Transmission

Question 1

What is the basic functional unit of the brain

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

this is where the incoming signals enter and this also determines where the signal will go

Answer 2

Synapse

Question 3

where is synapse located?

Answer 3

Dendrites and Cell bodies

Question 4

output signal travels through this

Answer 4

Axon

Question 5

This is the Junction point from one neuron to another

Answer 5

Synapse

Question 6

this area is where two neurons come close together enough to exchange information

Answer 6

Synapse

Question 7

This is the space where neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic and binds to post synaptic

Answer 7

Synaptic Cleft

Question 8

information transmitted in the CNS in the form of nerve action potentials

Answer 8

Nerve impulse

Question 9

Transmission of Information via Two Types

Answer 9

• Presynaptic

- Post synaptic

Question 10

this transmission sends info and where info is initiated

Answer 10

Presynaptic

Question 11

this transmission receives info

Answer 11

Postsynaptic Neuron

Question 12

2 types of synapses

Answer 12

• -Electrical

- Chemical Synapse

Question 13

this synapse secretes chemical substance neurotransmitter

Answer 13

Chemical Synapse

Question 14

this synapse is directly connect to the cluster of ion channes called gap junctions

Answer 14

Electrical Synapses

Question 15

this synapse give bidirectional transmission of the synapse

-in reflex pathways

Answer 15

Electrical Synapse

Question 16

Cluster of Ions that has a plaque like structure

• allows free movement
• has connexin (6)

Answer 16

Gap junctions

Question 17

the hexagonal unit in the gap junctions is called

Answer 17

Connexon

Question 18

this is the most used type of synapse

• neurotransmitter
• excites or inhibits
• one way conduction
• presy to postsy

Answer 18

Chemical Synapse

Question 19

this synapse has a principle of one way conduction

pre to postsy

Answer 19

Chemical Synapse

Question 20

This terminal vesicle contains the neurotransmitter when released by the synaptic cleft

Answer 20

Presynaptic Cleft

Question 21

This terminal responses based on the receptor present in the

Answer 21

Post synaptic terminal

Question 22

What is the most studied neurotransmitter in the presynaptic terminal

Answer 22

Acetylcholine

Question 23

What are the components of receptor proteins

Answer 23

• Binding Component

- Intracellular component

Question 24

this is where the neurotransmitter from the presynaptic binds

Answer 24

Binding component

Question 25

this component passes all the way through the postsynaptic into the post synaptic neuron

Answer 25

Intracellular Component

Question 26

Types of Receptor proteins

Answer 26

-Ionotropic -Metabotropic -

Question 27

``` this type of receptor protein is: - ligate ion channeled - allows passage of ions - Fast synpase - ```

Answer 27

Ionotropic

Question 28

Two types of Ionotropic receptor

Answer 28

- Cation | - Anion

Question 29

this type of ionotrpic allows passage of CL | - opened by inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 29

- Anion channel

Question 30

this type of ionotropic allows passage of K, NA, Calcium | - opened by excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 30

Cation Channels

Question 31

This type of protein receptor: - activates 2ndary g-proteins - secondary relays message which causes increase or decrease of cell activity - prolonged effect

Answer 31

Metabotropic

Question 32

2 states of Metabotropic

Answer 32

- Inactive state | - Activation state

Question 33

this metabotropic state : - free in the cytosol - has alpha, beta, gamma are bound together - gdp is attached to alpha

Answer 33

Inactivated state

Question 34

this metabotropic type: - attaches from presyp - changes form - g protein binds - simultaneous release of gdp - beta and gamma disassociate - alpha is free to move

Answer 34

Activation metabotropic state

Question 35

What are the Functions of Activation state of Metabotropic

Answer 35

- opens specific ion channels through post synaptic - activates camp - activates gene - hydrolysis - beta and y attaches to @ - stable G-p

Question 36

This is the gap between motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 36

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 37

Mechanism of Neuromuscular junction

Answer 37

- Voltage Ca2+ opens - ca2+ flows - influx of CA+ and ACh - ACH binds - influx of NA+ - End plate

Question 38

How does Ach form

Answer 38

- Choline transfers

Question 39

What enzyme forms ACh

Answer 39

Choline Acetyltransferase (Acetyl-CoA) + (Choline) . (ACh) + (CoA) Choline is recycled from ACh by Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). (ACh) . (Acetyl-CoA) + (Choline)

Question 40

This brings the membrane potential of postsynap closer to threshold providing excitatory effects

Answer 40

Postsynaptic Potentials

Question 41

This is a result of Ion fast channels or slow channels. - brings membrane potential closer to threshold - increase RMP to high enough positive

Answer 41

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials (EPSP)

Question 42

type of EPSP facilitated by ionotropic receptors - efflux of K and influx of NA - NA entering potential is higher

Answer 42

Fast Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential | PEPSP

Question 43

type of epsp created from metabotropic - this activates the gprotein - produces Camp - protein kinase - inhibits K from intracellular

Answer 43

Slow excitatory Post synnaptic potential | SEPSP

Question 44

types of Inhibitory Post synaptic potential (IPSP)

Answer 44

- Fast IPSP

Question 45

The goal of this is to bring the PostP to threshold by hyperpolarizing or by stabilizing resting membrane potential

Answer 45

IPSP

Question 46

How is IPSP accomplised

Answer 46

-Opening potassium channels that increases conductance of potassium ions out of the neuron - Opening potassium channels that increases conductance of potassium ions out of the neuron

Question 47

another mechanism of IPSP

Answer 47

inhibition is the activation of receptor enzymes that inhibit cellular metabolic functions that increase the number of inhibitory synaptic receptors or

Question 48

the occurence of IPSP is very fast so it only uses Ionotropic receptors

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Two channels in the IPSP

Answer 49

- K | - CL

Question 50

Increases internal negativity

Answer 50

Hyper polarization

Question 51

This channel | - opens K channels will allow ++ to go out to make inner --

Answer 51

Potassium channels

Question 52

this channel opens chloride pump | - chloride channels open so negative chloride ions enter into interrior membrane to make it more negative (-70mv)

Answer 52

Chloride channel

Question 53

this moves out of the cell to make it negative when opened

Answer 53

Potassium

Question 54

this moves inside the cell to make it negative when opened

Answer 54

Chloride

Question 55

neuromuscular junction represents a simple type of | synapse type of synapse

Answer 55

neuromuscular junction represents a simple type of | synapse type of synapse

Question 56

``` this type of neuromuscular synapse: - input and out are same - AP from presyp will induce AP in postp - 1 is to 1 AP in post - ```

Answer 56

One is to one synapse

Question 57

this type of neuromuscular synapse: - action potential in a presynaptic cell= several action potential in a postsynaptic cell.

Answer 57

One is to Many synapse

Question 58

this type of neuromuscular synapse: - one action potential in the presynaptic cell is not enough to make postsynaptic terminal fire an action potential - many AP arrives - used by the brain

Answer 58

MANY TO ONE SYNAPSE

Question 59

how many synapse are need to form intermediate memory

Answer 59

In order to form memory traces that could be converted | into an intermediate memory, two presynaptic neurons.