Review 1

Question 1

What is physiology the study of?

Answer 1

Processes that allow organisms to function

Physiology includes the study of anatomical features, cellular metabolism, and the development of organ systems.

Question 2

Which term best describes someone who examines the properties of lining and glandular epithelia?

Answer 2

Histologist

Question 3

A glycoprotein is an example of a structure at the ____________ level.

Answer 3

Chemical

Question 4

The _________________ system includes the skin.

Answer 4

Integumentary

Question 5

Which definition best describes homeostasis?

Answer 5

The ability to keep the internal environment fairly constant.

Question 6

A negative feedback system is best defined as?

Answer 6

A system that minimizes changes from a set point.

Question 7

True or False: Positive feedback systems are more common than negative feedback systems.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

If an organ starts to experience low levels of oxygen, it can release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This brings more oxygen to the organ and is an example of:
a. negative feedback.
b. positive feedback.
c. extrinsic regulation.
d. thermoregulation.

Answer 8

a. negative feedback

Question 9

The __________________ of a cell separates the intracellular space from the extracellular space.

Answer 9

Plasma membrane

Question 10

About 20% of the lipids in the plasma membrane are?
a. phospholipids.
b. glycoproteins.
c. glycocalyx.
d. peripheral membrane lipids. e. cholesterol molecules.

Answer 10

e. Cholesterol molecules.

Question 11

A protein attached loosely to the surface of a plasma membrane is called?
a. an integral membrane protein.
b. a cholesterol protein.
c. a peripheral membrane protein.
d. a transmembrane protein.

Answer 11

c. A peripheral membrane protein.

Question 12

A _____________ between two cells allows small molecules to move freely between the two cells.
a. desmosome
b. gap junction
c. tight junction
d. All of the answers above are correct. e. None of the answers above is correct.

Answer 12

b. Gap junction

Question 13

A mechanism of transport across a cellular membrane is considered passive if?

Answer 13

It does not require direct expenditure of energy by the cell.

Question 14

Which one of the following statements is true?
a. Channels may be used for facilitated transport of polar molecules.
b. Most polar molecules can cross a plasma membrane by simple diffusion.
c. Small, charged molecules can generally pass directly through lipid bilayers.
d. Carbon dioxide can cross a plasma membrane by osmosis.
e. Facilitated diffusion allows particles to move from low to high concentrations.

Answer 14

a. Channels may be used for facilitated transport of polar molecules.

Question 15

The drug Procaine (also known as Novocaine) blocks sodium (Na+) channels in plasma membranes. Given this information, which one of the following statements is most likely true about a cell bathed in a solution that contains Procaine?
a. There will be no osmosis across the cell’s plasma membrane.
b. Na+ will diffuse directly across the lipid bilayer.
c. Na+ will be unable to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion. d. Mitochondria will not be able to generate ATP.
e. Na+ will diffuse from a low concentration to a high concentration.

Answer 15

c. Na+ will be unable to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion.

Question 16

Hydrostatic pressure forces particles through holes in the membrane. This is an example of?
a. fluid­phase endocytosis b. exocytosis
c. filtration
d. phagocytosis
e. receptor­mediated endocytosis

Answer 16

c. Filtration.

Question 17

One cell engulfs another cell. This process is called?
a. fluid­phase endocytosis b. exocytosis
c. filtration
d. phagocytosis
e. receptor­mediated endocytosis

Answer 17

d.Phagocytosis.

Question 18

There are four main tissue types in the human body. Epithelial and connective are two of the four tissue types. Which one of the following tissues is one of the other main tissue types?
a. areolar b. liver
c. bone d. muscle

Answer 18

d.muscle

Question 19

Every specific type of tissue contains just one type of cell. T/F

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Extra strength in stratified squamous tissue of the skin is provided by?

Answer 20

Desmosomes.

Question 21

In the digestive tract, the apical surface is lined with __________ to aid in absorption.

Answer 21

Microvilli.

Question 22

Every specific type of tissue contains just one type of cell. True or False?

Answer 22

False.

Question 23

The proliferation of fibrous connective tissue at the site of an injury is called?

Answer 23

Fibrosis.

Question 24

The study of changes that occur in the body prior to birth is?

Answer 24

Embryology.

Question 25

The ___________ system consists of glands that secrete hormones.

Answer 25

Endocrine.

Question 26

According to the fluid mosaic model, a cell membrane is made of? a. phospholipids. b. cholesterol. c. proteins. d. All of the responses above are correct. e. None of the responses above is correct.

Answer 26

d. All of the responses above are correct.

Question 27

_____________ are most likely found between cells where it is important to prevent fluids moving between the cells. a. Tight junctions b. Desmosomes c. Gap junctions d. All of the responses above are correct. e. None of the responses above is correct.

Answer 27

a. Tight junctions.

Question 28

A “semi-permeable membrane” is best described as a membrane that?

Answer 28

Restricts passage of some particles and allows others to pass freely.

Question 29

Which one of the following molecules can pass directly through a lipid bilayer? a. glucose b. potassium ions (K+) c. protein d. carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide (CO2).

Question 30

A white blood cell engulfs a bacteria. This is an example of?

Answer 30

Phagocytosis.

Question 31

Consider a cell in a beaker of fluid. The osmolarity inside the cell is 300 mOsm, and the osmolarity of the fluid that surrounds the cell is 350 mOsm. The osmotic pressure is a. greater inside the cell. b. greater in the fluid that surrounds the cell. c. equal inside the cell and in the fluid that surrounds the cell. d. None of the responses above is correct.

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

Consider a cell in a beaker of fluid. The osmolarity inside the cell is 300 mOsm, and the osmolarity of the fluid that surrounds the cell is 350 mOsm. The cell is ___________ compared to the fluid that surrounds the cell.

Answer 32

Hypertonic.

Question 33

Consider a cell in a beaker of fluid. The osmolarity inside the cell is 300 mOsm, and the osmolarity of the fluid that surrounds the cell is 350 mOsm. There will be net movement of water __________.

Answer 33

From the cell into the surrounding fluid.

Question 34

A phospholipid is an example of organization at the ______ level? a.chemical b.tissue c.organ d.organism e.organ system

Answer 34

a.chemical

Question 35

Positive feedback systems a. increase deviations from a normal state. b. are more common than negative feedback systems. c. may not be used to maintain homeostasis. d. More than one of the responses above is correct. e. None of the responses above is correct.

Answer 35

a. increase deviations from a normal state.

Question 36

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? a. It consists mostly of cells. b. Epithelial cells are held together with specialized contacts. c. Epithelial tissue contains no blood vessels. d. Sheets of epithelial tissue are supported by underlying muscle. e. None of the responses above is correct.

Answer 36

d. Sheets of epithelial tissue are supported by underlying muscle.

Question 37

______________ is NOT a type of epithelial tissue. a. Transitional epithelium b. Simple squamous epithelium c. Columnar cuboidal epithelium d. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium e. Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 37

c. Columnar cuboidal epithelium

Question 38

The basement membrane of an epithelium is found a. on the apical surface. b. only in stratified epithelia. c. in microvilli. d. between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue. e. None of the responses above is correct.

Answer 38

d. between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue.

Question 39

In the digestive tract, the apical surface is lined with microvilli to aid in absorption. What type of epithelium? a. simple squamous epithelium b. simple cuboidal epithelium c. simple columnar epithelium d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium e. stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 39

c. simple columnar epithelium

Question 40

This tissue lines the external surface of the body, the mouth, and the esophagus. a. simple squamous epithelium b. simple cuboidal epithelium c. simple columnar epithelium d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium e. stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 40

e. stratified squamous epithelium

Question 41

Which one of the following statements is true? a. All connective tissues have an extensive blood supply. b. Dense connective tissues contain collagen, but cartilage does not. c. Connective tissue fibers are made of ground substance. d. Bones, blood, and tendons arise from mesenchyme tissue. e. Collagen fibers are flexible and easily stretched.

Answer 41

d. Bones, blood, and tendons arise from mesenchyme tissue.

Question 42

28. ___________ is a type of connective tissue proper. a. Bone b. Blood c. Lymph d. Elastic cartilage e. None of the responses above is correct

Answer 42

e. None of the responses above is correct

Question 43

Which one of the following statements is true? a. Endocrine glands produce “secretions” and exocrine glands produce “excretions.” b. Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. c. Exocrine glands release their products into the lymph. d. Multicellular endocrine glands release their products through ducts. e. Endocrine glands contain epithelial tissue, but exocrine glands do not.

Answer 43

b. Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 44

The ___________ system consists of glands that secrete hormones. a. integumentary b. lymphatic/immune c. nervous d. endocrine e. urinary

Answer 44

d. endocrine

Question 45

Which one of the following is an example of positive feedback? a. blood pressure drops—the heart begins to fail—blood pressure drops further b. blood glucose level falls—the liver releases glucose—blood glucose rises c. body temperature rises—sweat glands release more sweat—the body cools d. blood CO2 rises—the brain triggers a deep breath of air—blood CO2 falls

Answer 45

a. blood pressure drops—the heart begins to fail—blood pressure drops further

Question 46

Cholesterol is an example of a structure at the ____________ level. a. chemical b. tissue c. organ d. organism e. organ system

Answer 46

a.Chemical