Review 8 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
- The integumentary system is composed of the skin and a number of derivatives such as hair, nails, and
A
Glands
2
Q
- The largest organ of the body is the
A
Skin
3
Q
- Of the total body weight, the skin accounts for a per- centage of approximately
A
15 Percent
4
Q
- The skin protects the body from fluid loss or gain and serves as a barrier to
A
Microorganisms
5
Q
- Water-soluble substances may not enter the body because the skin contains a waterproof protein known as
A
Keratin
6
Q
- At the foundation of the epidermis, a barrier of pro- tection is provided by the
A
Basement Membrane
7
Q
- The pigment formed in the skin is called
A
Melanin
8
Q
- Skin pigments protect the body against radiation from sunlight called
A
Ultraviolet Rays
9
Q
- The skin conserves heat by reducing its secretions of sweat and by constricting its
A
Blood vessels
9
Q
- When the body cannot produce the skin pigment melanin, the condition that results is called
A
Albinism
10
Q
- Skin pigments are synthesized by special cells called
A
Melanocytes
11
Q
- Heat is lost at the body surface in sweat during the process of
A
Evaporation
12
Q
- Glands in the skin release water and fatty substances in the process of
A
Excretion
13
Q
- Ultraviolet radiation from the sun brings about the synthesis in the skin of vitamin
A
D
14
Q
- Among the vitamins absorbed in the skin, when applied to the surface, are the fat-soluble vitamins E, K, and
A
A
15
Q
- The skin tissue absorbs certain steroid hormones re- leased by the skin’s
A
glands
16
Q
- Environmental stimuli are received by specialized skin sensory receptors
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Sensory receptors
17
Q
- The skin detects sensations such as pressure, touch, temperature, and
A
pain
18
Q
- The epidermis and dermis fit together in the skin in a configuration that is somewhat
A
bumpy
19
Q
- The dermis is the inner, thicker layer of the skin, while the epidermis is the outer
A
thinner layer
20
Q
- The loose subcutaneous layer of fat-rich tissue be- neath the dermis is the
A
hypodermis
21
Q
- The skin of thin epidermis has layers that number sensory receptors pain
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Four
21
Q
- The layers of cells within the epidermis are also referred to as
A
strata
22
Q
- The epidermis is composed of
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
23
25. The skin of thick epidermis has layers that number
Five
24
26. The innermost layer of epidermis lying on the basement membrane atop the dermis is the
Stratum Basale
25
27. Another name for the stratum germinativum is
Stratum Basale
26
28. The cells synthesizing melanin are the melanocytes, which may be found in the epidermal layer called the
Stratum Basale
27
29. The predominate epidermal cells are the
Keratinocyte
28
30. The protein keratin is produced by epidermal cells known as
Kertatinocyte
29
31. The epidermal cell layer lying atop the stratum basale is the
Stratum Spinosum
30
32. Cells called epidermal dendrite cells provide the immune system functions and are located in the
Stratum Basale
31
33. In thick skin, closely packed cells and dead keratinocytes are found within the layer of epidermis known as the
Stratum Lucidum
32
34. Keratohyalin eventually forms keratin, but an intermediary in the process is the transparent substance
Eleidin
33
35. At the body surface, the uppermost layer of the epidermis is the
Stratum Corneum
34
36. The cells in the uppermost layer of the epidermis are rich in the waterproofing substance called
Keratin
35
37. The keratinocytes of the stratum corneum are connected to one another by junctions called
Desmosomes
36
38. Most cells of the stratum corneum are ultimately derived from cells produced in the lower layer called the
Stratum Basale
37
39. In response to friction, the stratum corneum is thickened by the process of
Hyperkeratosis
38
40. The cells of the epidermis receive their nourishment from blood vessels found in the
Dermis
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41. The epidermis borders ridges from the dermis that help anchor the two layers together and are called
Dermal Papillae
40
42. The layer of the dermis containing fat cells, sweat glands, and blood vessels is the
Reticular Layer
41
43. The papillary layer of the dermis consists of connective tissue that is loose or
Areolar
42
44. Most skin sensory receptors are found in the
Dermis
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45. The two major structures of the hair fiber are the shaft and the
Root
44
46. Nerve endings are associated with each hair together with a sebaceous gland and a muscle known as
Arrector Pili Muscle
45
47. The nail is a protective plate consisting of the protein
Keratin
46
48. At its proximal end, the nail is covered partially by a piece of tissue called the
Cuticle
47
49. The most numerous skin glands are the sweat glands, also known as
Suboriferous Glands
48
50. The ear canal contains wax-producing glands known as
Ceruminous Glands
49
51. Which of the following pertains to the skin?
A. the skin accounts for about 35 percent of the body weight
B. the skin functions in support of the body organs
C. the skin is the largest organ
D. the skin has no pigments in its tissues
C. The skin is the largest organ
49
52. In the skin layers, the protein keratin:
A. prevents the passage of microorganisms
B. serves as a barrier to ions and salts
C. forms a barrier to water-soluble substances
D. serves as the body pigment
C. Forms a barrier to water-soluble substances
50
53. The skin conserves body heat by:
A. reducing secretions of sweat
B. producing heat-tolerant hormones
C. undergoing mitosis rapidly
D. producing cerumin in its ceruminous glands
A. reducing secretions of sweat
51
54. The pigment melanin:
A. is essential for vitamin D production
B. protects the skin against ultraviolet rays from the sun
C. is essential for synthesis of the stratum basale
D. is used in the synthesis of keratin
B. protects the skin against ultraviolet rays from the sun
52
55. One of the functions of the skin is to serve in the absorption of:
A. digestive enzymes
B. sodium ions
C. cartilage molecules
D. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin D
52
56. Heat is lost from the body by all the following mechanisms except:
A. evaporation
B. osmosis
C. conduction
D. convection
B. Osmosis
53
57. The superficial fascia is located:
A. between the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum
B. beneath the dermis
C. within the stratum germinativum
D. near the sebaceous glands
B. Beneath the dermis
54
58. Another name for the stratum germinativum is the:
A. dermis
B. basement membrane
C. capillary layer
D. stratum basale
D. stratum basale
55
59. Intercellular junctions occurring within the stratum spinosum are referred to as:
A. desmosomes
B. gap junctions
C. reticular junctions
D. papillosomes
A. desmosomes
56
60. Two important cells found in the stratum basale are:
A. root cells and papillary cells
B. lunular cells and sweat cells
C. melanocytes and keratinocytes
D. hair cells and gland cells
C. melanocytes
57
61. Five layers of epithelium are found on the:
A. legs and arms
B. face and neck
C. palms of the hands and soles of the feet
D. fingers and toes
palms of the hands and soles of the feet
58
62. About 25 layers of dead and dry squamous cells make up the:
A. dermis
B. stratum corneum
C. stratum granulosum
D. desmosomes
B. Stratum Corneum
59
63. The reticular layer of the dermis contains all the following except:
A. fat cells
B. loose connective tissue
C. blood vessels
D. sweat glands
B. Loose Connective Tissue
60
64. In the stratum corneum, the cytoplasm of most cells has been replaced by:
A. hair
B. sebum
C. cerumin
D. keratin
D. Keratin
61
65. All living cells of the epidermis receive their nourishment from blood vessels located in the:
A. basement membrane
B. dermis
C. hair cells
D. endocrine glands
B.Dermis
62
66. The dermis and epidermis are anchored to one another by bumps in ridges known as: A. dermal papillae
B. gap junctions
C. hypodermis
D. melanocytes
A. Dermal papillae
63
67. Sensory receptors are found:
A. in the reticular layer of the epidermis
B. in the papillary layer of the epidermis
C. in neither the reticular nor papillary layer of the dermis
D. in both the reticular and papillary layers of the dermis
D. in both the reticular and papillary layers of the dermis
64
68. Smooth muscle may be located in the:
A. reticular layer but not the papillary layer
B. dermis but not the epidermis
C. epidermis but not the dermis
D.papillary layer but not the reticular layer
B. Dermis but not the epidermis
65
69. Arrector pili muscles are associated with the:
A. sebaceous glands
B. sweat glands
C. epidermis
D. hair follicles
D. Hair Follicles
66
70. The lanugo is the extremely fine hair of: A. the back of the hand
B. the fetus
C. the inner thigh epidermis
D. the back of the neck
B. the fetus
67
71. The protein material of the nail results from the metabolism of cells:
A. beneath the cuticle at the base of the nail
B. within the stratum germinativum
C. in the reticular layer of the dermis
D. that also produce sebum for the sebaceous glands
beneath the cuticle at the base of the nail
68
72. The terms eccrine and apocrine refer to two types of:
A. ceruminous glands
B. basement membranes
C. sweat glands
D. nails
C. Sweat glands
69
73. The function of cerumin is to:
A. maintain temperature regulation at the skin surface
B. excrete small amounts of sodium chloride from the body
C. help trap foreign substances before they enter the ear
D. secrete milk
C. Help trap foreign substances before they enter the ear
69
74. The nail consists of a:
A. layer of stratum lucidum over a layer of stratum basale
B. basement membrane overlying superficial fascia
C. curved plate of keratin
D. mass of hair shafts that have fused together
C. curved plate of keratin
69
75. The secretion of sebaceous glands enters the:
A. nail
B. hair follicle
C. basement membrane
D. eccrine glands
True
70
76. T/F: The major organ of the integumentary system is the skin.
True
71
77. T/F: The protein known as keratin prevents the passage of fat-soluble substances through the skin.
False. Water soluable
72
78. T/F: The melanin pigment formed in the skin protects the skin against infrared rays from the sun.
False. Ultraviolet
73
79. T/F: Heat radiates from blood vessels in the skin and is transferred to the air by the process of convection.
True
74
80. T/F: The precursor molecules necessary for the syn- thesis of vitamin D in the skin may also be obtain from water or other foods.
False. Milk
75
81. T/F: Sensations such as pressure, pain, touch, and temperature may be detected by receptors in the skin.
True
76
82. T/F: In thin skin found along most body surfaces there are three different layers of tissue.
False. Four
77
83. T/F: The stratum germinativum, also known as the stratum lucidum lies on the basement membrane next to the dermis of the skin.
False. Stratum Basale
78
84. T/F: Keratinocytes having a spiny appearance under the microscope may be found in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.
False. Stratum Spinosum
79
85. T/F: Desmosomes are types of protein globules found within the cells of the stratum spinosum.
False. Intercellular junctions
80
86. T/F: The substance keratohyalin is utilized by epidermal cells for the synthesis of melanin.
False. Keratin
81
87. T/F: Thick skin is the only place in the epidermis to contain the stratum spinosum.
False. Stratum Lucidum
82
88. T/F: Closely packed, clear, dead keratinocytes are characteristic signs of the stratum lucidum.
True
83
89. T/F: The uppermost layer of cells at the body surface consists of about 25 layers of dead and dry cells that cuboidal.
False. Squamous
84
90. T/F: The dead cells in the uppermost layer of epidermis are originally derived from cells produced in the stratum lucidum.
False. Stratum Basale
85
91. T/F: The epidermis has numerous blood vessels and few sensory receptors.
False. No
86
92. T/F: Loose, areolar connective tissue, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and macrophages are found in the reticular layer of the dermis.
False. Papillary
87
93. T/F: Much of the mechanical strength of the skin is due to the dermis.
True
88
94. T/F: The hair follical consists of a mass of dermis that has formed a small tube.
False. Epidermis
89
95. T/F: New hair cells are produced from cells of the stratum corneum located with the hair bulb.
False. Stratum Basale
90
96. T/F: The coarse axillary and pubic hair developing at puberty is called the residual hair.
False. Terminal
91
97. T/F: At its proximal end, the nail is partially covered by the cuticle.
True
92
98. T/F: An alternative name for sweat glands is sebaceous glands.
False. Sudoriferous
93
99. T/F: Apocrine sweat glands secrete a white, cloudy material that can be broken down by bacteria to release odors.
True
94
100. T/F: The secretion of the sebaceous glands is emptied in to the ear canal.
False. Hair Follicle
95
101. Portia, a psychiatric patient, gnaws on her index finger. This finger is more hairy than her others. Explain the relationship between Portia's behavior and her finger's appearance.
Irritation and increased blood flow can promote hair growth
