REVIEW

Question 1

What is one extra feature of IR pulse sequence

Answer 1

TI

Question 2

What is the TI range for suppressing fat

Answer 2

80 to 175 depending on the anatomy

Question 3

2D versus 3-D

Answer 3

2D is a slice, 3-D is a slab

3D for MRA head because arteries are curvy and thinner

Question 4

What protocol is used for carotids

Answer 4

2D or 3D

Question 5

Sat pulse for arteries

Answer 5

Superior

Question 6

What comes off subclavian artery‘s

Answer 6

Vertebral arteries

Question 7

Internal versus external carotid artery’s

Answer 7

Internal supplies blood to the brain; lateral (on coronal view)

External supplies blood to the face; medial (on coronal view)

Question 8

What comes off carotid siphon

Answer 8

Ophthalmic artery

Question 9

What pulse sequence is used for the venous system

Answer 9

2D (Coronal and Axial) ; in-Hanse if available

Question 10

Condition where the connection between veins and arteries are dilated

Answer 10

AVM (arterial venous malformation)

Question 11

What sequence is used for AVM

Answer 11

TRICKS (contrast enhanced)

Question 12

Sat pulse for veins

Answer 12

Inferior

Question 13

What sequence allows you to see the direction of flow

Answer 13

Phase contrast

Question 14

What pathology is T2 FLAIR good for

Answer 14

MS

Question 15

Diffusion is good for what pathology

Answer 15

Stroke, infection, dermoid cyst

Question 16

What does active/acute stroke look like on diffusion

Answer 16

Bright (old stroke will be dark; very old stroke will be black because tissue is dead and replaced with CSF)

Question 17

What sequence confirms if something is a stroke or a T2* artifact

Answer 17

ADC

Question 18

What does acute stroke look like on ADC

Answer 18

Dark (old stroke will be bright)

Question 19

What pathology is GRE good for

Answer 19

Bleed (also concussion, MV accident, TIA, cavernous malformation)

Question 20

Multiple dark spots on a GRE is what kind of pathology

Answer 20

Micro bleed

Question 21

What kind of bleed is on the side of the head and displaces brain tissue

Answer 21

Subdural hemorrhage (bright on T1)

Question 22

What is a good sequence for the brain post contrast

Answer 22

T1

Question 23

What sequence is used post contrast for other parts of the body

Answer 23

T1 Fat sat

Question 24

What sequence shows lesions as if double dose contrast was given

Answer 24

MTSE (suppresses background)

Question 25

What exam will you run for glioblastoma and astrocytoma

Answer 25

Perfusion (for surgical and treatment prep)

Question 26

What exam will you run for Mets in lung (and primary is in brain)

Answer 26

Routine brain with and without contrast

Question 27

What exam will you run for facial numbness

Answer 27

High IAC (CN V a.k.a. trigeminal nerve)

Question 28

What exam will you run for history of meningioma

Answer 28

Routine brain with 1/2 dose contrast

Question 29

What exam will you run for someone with abnormal blood work (prolactin)

Answer 29

Pituitary

Question 30

What exam will you run for optic neuritis

Answer 30

MS (T2 FLAIR)

Question 31

What exam will you run for someone who has numbing and tingling on one side of their body

Answer 31

MS

Question 32

What exam will you run for someone who has all factory nerve issue

Answer 32

Coronal sinus (FSE fat sat)

Question 33

What scan will substitute if fat sat fails

Answer 33

STIR

Question 34

What do you do for metal artifact post contrast

Answer 34

Turn off the fat sat

Question 35

How can you reduce metal artifact in terms of adjusting the protocol

Answer 35

Increase the bandwidth

Question 36

Best planes for IAC

Answer 36

Axial and Coronal

Question 37

Best planes for pituitary

Answer 37

Sagittal and Coronal

Question 38

Best planes for orbits

Answer 38

Axial and Coronal

Question 39

What is used to calculate GFR

Answer 39

Creatinine

Question 40

What is the name of the pathology where ventricles are dilated due to excessive CSF

Answer 40

Hydrocephalus

Question 41

What pathology can hydrocephalus cause on the spine

Answer 41

Syrinx

Question 42

Syrinx is the dilation of what anatomy

Answer 42

Central canal

Question 43

What is a good view and sequence to diagnose syrinx

Answer 43

Sagittal T2

Question 44

What is Chiari malformation

Answer 44

Herniation of cerebellar tonsils into the neck (craniocervical junction) it also leads to syrinx

Question 45

When is it not safe to scan a pregnant lady

Answer 45

During the first trimester

Question 46

What instructions will you give a breast-feeding lady who needs contrast

Answer 46

Pump and dump for 48 hours

Question 47

What is the main concern for a pregnant technologist

Answer 47

RF

Question 48

What is the main concern for the developing fetus exposed to RF

Answer 48

SAR

Question 49

What does SAR stand for

Answer 49

Specific absorption rate

Question 50

What is the SAR limit for normal mode

Answer 50

2w/kg

Question 51

Rise in core body temperature should not exceed

Answer 51

1°C

Question 52

Which government agency regulates these policies

Answer 52

FDA

Question 53

What causes peripheral nerve stimulation

Answer 53

Gradient magnetic factor

Question 54

What causes missle trajectory

Answer 54

Translation traction

Question 55

What is explosive boil off of helium called

Answer 55

Quench

Question 56

What are the risks of a quench

Answer 56

Frostbite, asphyxiation, ruptured eardrum

Question 57

Why do patients need to uncross their arms during scan

Answer 57

To avoid contact burn

Question 58

What is happening when patients feel a slight electrocution

Answer 58

Peripheral nerve stimulation

Question 59

How many salivary gland‘s do we have

Answer 59

Three pairs (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)

Question 60

Why do we need to include C-spine on a T spine localizer

Answer 60

To be able to count from C2

Question 61

What artifact commonly shows up around the spine area

Answer 61

Flow artifact (looks dark)

Question 62

What sequence is used for MS in spine

Answer 62

IR

Question 63

What sequence is used for fracture in the spine

Answer 63

IR

Question 64

What procedure is done on spinal fracture

Answer 64

Kyphoplasty

Question 65

How can you differentiate C, T, and L spine

Answer 65

C-spine- has bifid spinous process (C3-C6); vertebral prominens, single spinous process (C7); has transverse/vertebral Forman (passage of vertebra arteries) T-Spine- has facet joints as attachment for the ribs; cord ends around T12-L2 (conus medullaris) L-spine- sits next to psoas muscles; contains cauda equina part of the cord

Question 66

What artifact makes bleed on GRE look dark

Answer 66

Susceptibility

Question 67

What pulse sequence causes chemical shift

Answer 67

In/out phase sequences

Question 68

How can you resolve aliasing

Answer 68

Increase FOV, use NPW

Question 69

What artifact does a flickering lightbulb cause

Answer 69

Zipper artifact

Question 70

What causes corduroy artifact

Answer 70

Two metals rubbing together

Question 71

What artifact is produced if a wrong coil is used for a certain body part

Answer 71

Annefact artifact

Question 72

What sequence will you run for hydrocephalus

Answer 72

Midline SPGR (thinner slices, covers the whole head)

Question 73

What sequence will you run for MS brain

Answer 73

Sagittal T2 FLAIR