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Mrs.Ceh's Psychology Class > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

behavior viewed in terms of biological responses (ex: look at heart rate, physical changes in body)

A

biopsychological approach

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2
Q

behavior viewed as product of learned responses

A

behavioral approach

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3
Q

behavior is based on influence from unconscious

A

psychoanalytic approach

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4
Q

behavior is viewed as reflection of personal growth; we all strive to live up to our potential

A

humanism

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5
Q

behavior viewed as product of internal thoughts (ex: change irrational thoughts to rational ones)

A

cognitive approach

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6
Q

behavior influenced by rules and expectations of society; rules of ones social group, including ethnicity, race, religion; culture

A

sociocultural approach

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7
Q

the scientific study of mental processes and behavior

A

psychology

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8
Q

looking inside oneself and describing what is there (such as emotions, feelings)

A

introspection

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9
Q

these types of psychologists study the origin, cause or results of behaviors; work in a research setting, such as a lab or conducting naturalistic observations

A

research psychologist

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10
Q

these types of psychologists deal directly with clients; make use of the findings of the research psychologists

A

applied psychologist

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11
Q

this specific type of psychologist typically works with clients who have more severe disorders, such as schizophrenia; will work with clients with their personal problems

A

clinical psychologist

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12
Q

this type of study looks at the same group of people over an extended (long) period of time

A

longitudinal study

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13
Q

this type of study looks at different age groups at the same type in order to understand changes that occur in a lifetime

A

cross sectional study

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14
Q

this is the variable that is manipulated

A

independent variable

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15
Q

this is the variable that depends on the independent variable manipulation

A

dependent variable

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16
Q

the group that receives the critical part of the experiment; is exposed to the independent variable

A

experimental group

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17
Q

the group that does not receive the critical part of the experiment; is not exposed to the independent variable

A

control group

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18
Q

name an ethical guideline for experimentation

A

do not harm; confidentiality; open and honest in experimentation; minimize physical, mental risks; participant can stop participation at any time

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19
Q

the statement of the results the experimenter expects to find

A

hypothesis

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20
Q

the UCS in Pavlov’s experiment

A

meat/food

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21
Q

the UCR in Pavlov’s experiment

A

salivation

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22
Q

the NS in Pavlov’s experiment

A

bell

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23
Q

the CS in Pavlov’s experiment

A

bell

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24
Q

the CR in Pavlov’s experiment

A

salivation

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25
positive or negative reinforcement? Timmy is given a jolly rancher every time he gets an A on a test
positive
26
positive or negative reinforcement? A parent nagging her child to clean up her room
negative
27
positive or negative reinforcement? Police pulling drivers over and giving prizes for buckling up
positive
28
positive or negative reinforcement? A professor gives extra credit for perfect attendance
positive
29
positive or negative reinforcement? A rat presses a lever to terminate a shock or loud tone
negative
30
schedule of reinforcement? Ryan has a math test every Thursday.
fixed interval
31
schedule of reinforcement? After every ten problems Ryan completes when studying, he allows himself an M&M.
fixed ratio
32
schedule of reinforcement? Ryan would look over his math book often because he never knew how much time would go by before his teacher might give a surprise quiz.
variable interval
33
schedule of reinforcement? Ryan never knows how many "A" assignments he will have to receive before his mom will reward him with money.
variable ratio
34
when gradual approximations to the desired response are rewarded; Crosby the dog learns to do tricks because his owner uses gradual rewards
shaping
35
Ryan is no longer reinforced for A grades so he gradually stops caring and trying to earn them. This is an example of .....
extinction
36
Crosby the dog barks at the mailman every day. One day a man jumped out of a white van at his house and Crosby barked at him, too. This is an example of .....
generalization
37
Crosby only barks at the mailman but not the cable guy. This is an example of ....
discrimination
38
Rachel plays house with her baby dolls and tries to feed them like her mom does with her baby brother. This is an example of
social learning
39
according to social learning theory most of our behavior is learned through
imitation and observation
40
memory of a specific event
episodic memory
41
general knowledge we remember
semantic memory
42
implied memory; skills
implicit memory
43
example of what type of memory? knowing your ABC's
semantic
44
example of what type of memory? remembering your first day of middle school
episodic
45
example of what type of memory? knowing hydrogen and oxygen make water
semantic
46
example of what type of memory? knowing how to type
implicit
47
example of what type of memory? remembering what you ate on Thanksgiving
episodic
48
example of what type of memory? knowing how to ride a bike
implicit
49
the first stage of memory
sensory memory
50
these processes cause people to forget
interference and decay
51
relating new material to something somebody already knows (touch/taste activity in class)
elaborative rehearsal
52
repeating information over and over again as a way to remember something
maintenance rehearsal
53
provides you with a mental image; representation in space
cognitive map
54
a brief, involuntary facial expression
microexpression
55
we participate in an activity for our own enjoyment, rather than for a concrete, tangible reward
intrinsic motivation
56
we do something for a concrete, tangible reward (ex; money)
extrinsic motivation
57
according to Maslow, a self actualized person strives to
live up to their potential; be all they are capable of becoming
58
instincts, urges present at birth; 'devil' on your shoulder
id
59
conscience; 'angel' on your shoulder
superego
60
balances desires with reality; balances wants of 'devil' and 'angel'; develops solution
ego
61
reveal our unconscious desires through freely saying what comes to our mind: Freud's technique to bring thoughts from unconscious to conscious
free association
62
Freud's stages include
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital
63
Carl Jung believed your collective unconsciuos was your
psychic inheritance; we are all connected
64
What did Karen Horney believe had the greatest impact on relationships?
love; lack of love; being able to form solid, loving relationships
65
During the identity vs. role confusion stage of Erikson, what happens?
adolescents try to figure out who they are
66
During the generativity vs. stagnation stage of Erikson, what happens?
adults may give something back to the world or remain stagnate, doing nothing
67
During the integrity vs. despair stage of Erikson, what happens?
adults look back on their life, proud of what they have done or filled with regrets
68
according to Rogers, when do we become fully functioning individuals
when we unite our real and ideal self
69
a broad, long lasting pattern of behavior; remains consistent in a variety of situations
personality
70
identify disorder: inability to sit still for long periods of time; difficulty paying attention
ADHD
71
identify disorder: will fall along spectrum; may have repetitive behaviors such as rocking, opening/closing doors; delayed speech
autism
72
identify disorder: a fear of a specific object or situation; irrational fear of item
phobia
73
identify disorder: magnify any illness you have; ex: a cough means you have lung disease
hypochondriasis
74
identify disorder: when you convert psychological trauma in to physical ailment; ex: see dog run over now can not see
conversion disorder
75
identify disorder: may suffer from hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder
schizophrenia
76
identify disorder: may have no regret for treating people poorly or committing crimes; may be a con artist; formerly known as psychopath or sociopath
antisocial personality disorder
77
identify disorder: believe others are out to harm or deceive them
paranoid personality disorder
78
identify disorder: have times of mania and times of depression
bipolar disorder
79
identify disorder: amnesia that is psychologically caused
dissociative amnesia
80
identify disorder: focus on perceived physical flaw; ex: may not leave home because of perceived flaw
body dysmorphic disorder
81
identify disorder: has feelings of anxiety without particular cause; ongoing feelings
generalized anxiety disorder
82
reinforcement by adding a stimulus when desired response occurs to increase or maintain frequency of a behavior
positive reinforcement
83
reinforcement by removal of an unpleasant stimulus when a desired response occurs
negative reinforcement
84
REBT is a form of what type of therapy? Cognitive or Humanistic?
Cognitive
85
the basic premise of cognitive therapy is to
change irrational thoughts to rational ones
86
what is the DSM?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: manual detailing psychological disorders
87
If there is a full moon, then students are less likely to help a teacher. What is the Independent Variable (IV)?
phase of moon
88
If there is a full moon, then students are less likely to help a teacher. What is the Dependent Variable (DV)?
helping behavior
89
If there is a full moon, then students are less likely to help a teacher. What is the experimental group?
group of students during full moon phase
90
according to Freud, most problems we experience as adults can be traced back to?
unconscious conflicts; influences from childhood
91
Systematic desensitization involves
step by step behavior changes; relax at each step of process; manage anxiety
92
What did Freud believe dreams represented?
a view in to person's unconscious; must free associate to gain insight in to dream

Mrs.Ceh's Psychology Class (9 decks)

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