Methods/Research

Question 1

a statement of results the experimenter expects

Answer 1

hypothesis

Question 2

the scientific study of mental processes and behavior

Answer 2

psychology

Question 3

a psychological approach where you view the individual as a product of unconscious forces

Answer 3

psychoanalysis

Question 4

Psychologists who believe we are the product of learning and associations use this approach

Answer 4

behaviorial

Question 5

People or animals on which a psychological study is conducted are called

Answer 5

subjects

Question 6

The factor/variable that the experimenter manipulates or changes in an experiment is the

Answer 6

independent variable

Question 7

The factor/variable in an experiment that changes or varies as a result of changes in the independent variable is the

Answer 7

dependent variable

Question 8

Variables that are likely to affect the dependent variable/result of an experiment

Answer 8

relevant variable

Question 9

A method of research that looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span is known as the

Answer 9

cross sectional method

Question 10

A method of research that studies the same group of people over an extended period of time is the

Answer 10

longitudinal method

Question 11

The group on which the critical part of the experiment is performed is the

Answer 11

experimental group

Question 12

The group that does not participate in the critical part of the experiment is the

Answer 12

control group

Question 13

A method of research that involves asking questions about feelings, opinions, or behavior patterns to a carefully selected group of people is called a

Answer 13

survey

Question 14

A research method that involves collecting lengthy, detailed information about a person’s background, usually for psychological treatment, is the

Answer 14

case study

Question 15

A research method that involves studying subjects without their being aware that they are being watched is known as

Answer 15

naturalistic observation

Question 16

This specific type of applied psychologist may try to promote sound health principles in a workplace, such as leading smoking cessation programs

Answer 16

health psychologist

Question 17

This specific type of applied psychologist may work with stores to study how consumers make decisions on purchases

Answer 17

consumer psychologist

Question 18

This category of psychologists may work in a university setting, conducting experiments or gathering information about human behavior

Answer 18

research psychologists

Question 19

This category of psychologists makes use of the findings of research psychologists and applies that knowledge to their work with clients

Answer 19

applied psychologists

Question 20

This specific type of applied psychologist works with athletes to help them increase their performances with a mental focus

Answer 20

Sports psychologists

Question 21

Psychologists who believe we all have a positive potential follow this approach

Answer 21

humanism

Question 22

Psychologists who look at physical changes that take place during situations (such as monitoring heart rate, sweating, pupil dilation) and examine the correlation to our behavior follow this approach

Answer 22

Biopsychological Approach

Question 23

Psychologists who follow this approach will look at how our thoughts influence our behavior; if we can change our illogical thoughts, we can change our behaviors

Answer 23

Cognitive Approach

Question 24

Name some ethical guidelines of experimentation; review the Prisoner-Guard study and Milgram’s Obedience Study

Answer 24

open and honest; do no harm; maintain confidentiality; subject may stop participation at any time

Question 25

Be sure to review the following in the context of an experiment

Answer 25

IV, DV, Experimental Group, Control Group, Relevant Variables, Irrelevant Variables

Question 26

An experiment in which both participants and experimenters are unaware of who receives treatment

Answer 26

double blind experiment

Question 27

in this type of experiment, participants (subjects) do not know whether they are in the experimental or control group

Answer 27

single blind experiment

Question 28

approach to psychology? Jim makes offensive jokes because his father always laughed at him when he did

Answer 28

behaviorism

Question 29

approach to psychology? Breanne stays at home night after night and feels depressed; she is a bright, capable girl but is not living up to her potential

Answer 29

humanism

Question 30

approach to psychology? Susan feels anxiety because she always thinks people don't like her

Answer 30

cognitive

Question 31

approach to psychology? Frank always fights with his teachers; his therapist believes he has resentment toward authority figures (although he may not consciously be aware of this)

Answer 31

psychoanalysis

Question 32

approach to psychology? Sally is afraid to ask her boss for a raise because in her culture, women are to be subservient to men

Answer 32

sociocultural

Question 33

approach to psychology? Maria's anxiety causes her heart to flutter

Answer 33

biopsychological

Question 34

If students eat snacks when taking an exam then average test scores will increase. What is the independent variable?

Answer 34

eating snacks

Question 35

If students eat snacks when taking an exam then average test scores will increase. What is the dependent variable?

Answer 35

test scores

Question 36

If students eat snacks when taking an exam then average test scores will increase. What is the experimental group?

Answer 36

students allowed to eat snacks during exams

Question 37

If students eat snacks when taking an exam then average test scores will increase. What is the control group?

Answer 37

students not allowed to eat snacks during exams

Question 38

If students eat snacks when taking an exam then average test scores will increase. What is a relevant variable?

Answer 38

difficulty of test; same amount of snacks given to each student

Question 39

If students eat snacks when taking an exam then average test scores will increase. What is an irrelevant variable?

Answer 39

brand of snacks; weather outside

Question 40

type of psychologist? works for Kraft corporate determining shopping patterns of consumers at a higher socio-economic level

Answer 40

consumer

Question 41

type of psychologist? works for Allegheny county police during mediation in hostage situations

Answer 41

forensic

Question 42

type of psychologist? works for Westinghouse developing stress management programs

Answer 42

health

Question 43

type of psychologist? works for Seneca Valley testing for learning disorders in students and developing action plans to assist them

Answer 43

school

Question 44

type of psychologist? works at Westinghouse designing work stations that are not physically taxing on the employees

Answer 44

engineering

Question 45

Variables that are not likely to affect the dependent variable/result of an experiment

Answer 45

irrelevant variables

Question 46

what is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Answer 46

psychologist: PhD psychiatrist: MD (can prescribe medications)