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Anatomy Exam 3 > review > Flashcards

review Flashcards

1
Q

functional unit of kidneys

A

nephrons~1 million per kidney

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2
Q

difference between elimination and excretion

A

elimination is the removal of waste and indigestible material from the body.
excretion is the removal of metabolic waste

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3
Q

correct pathway of nephron

A 
Renal Corpuscle
Proximate convoluted tube (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tube (DCT)
Collecting Duct
Papillary Duct
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4
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Bowmans capsule & glomerulus

site of filtration

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5
Q

what is removed in urine?

A

dissolved solutes including metabolic waste

Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid

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6
Q

Where does reabsorption in bloodstream occur?

A

capillaries

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7
Q

Should you have bacteria in urine?

A

no

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8
Q

segmental vein

A

none of the above

no/false

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9
Q

where is highest concentration of sodium chloride in loop of henle?

A

bottom of loop

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10
Q

where is the lowest concentration of sodium chloride in loop of henle?

A

top of loop

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11
Q

all mammals menstruate

A

false

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12
Q

whats responsible for male erection?

A

Sexual stimulation
Release of cyclic GMP in penis
Spongy erectile tissue and arteries expand
Blood rushes into newly opened space

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13
Q

In which phase does an erection occur?

A

excitement

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14
Q

testosterone

A

From interstitial cells in testes

Responsible for “male” characteristics

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15
Q

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

A

From anterior pituitary

Stimulates spermatogenesis

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16
Q

LH (luteinizing hormone)

A

From anterior pituitary

Stimulates interstitial cells

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17
Q

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

A

From hypothalamus

Stimulates LH and FSH secretion

18
Q

Oogenesis

A

After puberty process resumes and 1 egg is ovulated per month until menopause.
Meiosis II begins prior to ovulation but isn’t completed unless fertilization occurs.

19
Q

where dos fertilization occur?

A

uterine tube

20
Q

what phase does tenting occur?

A

Plateau phase

21
Q

how long is ovum viable?

A

12-24 hours

22
Q

where is estrogen produced in males?

A

testes and adrenal glands

23
Q

increase in GnRH production leads to what?

A

LH and FSH secretion

24
Q

Phases of Menstrual cycle

A 
Flow Phase(day 1-4)
Follicular Phase (days 4-14)
-Ovulation occurs at end of follicular 
Luteal Phase (days 14-24)
25
Q

process of producing filtrate

A

filtration

26
Q

haploid

A

1 full single set of chromosones

27
Q

diploid

A

2 full sets of chromosoness

28
Q

how does the urinary system control blood volume and blood pressure?

A

Adjusting volume of water lost (ADH & Aldosterone)
Releasing EPO
Releasing Renin

29
Q

structure of the kidney

A

Cortex is the outermost portion.
Medulla is inner layer containing renal pyramids.
nephrons

30
Q

blood enters through

A

renal artery

31
Q

blood leaves through

A

renal vein

32
Q

seminal fluid

A

sugar, prostaglandin, buffers, fibrinogen, enzymes, salts, vitamins water

33
Q

Ascending loop of henle

A

sodium and chloride reabsorption

34
Q

descending loop of henle

A

water reabsorption

35
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

regulates water concentrations

High ADH=low urine output

36
Q

aldosterone

A

regulates salt concentrations

High Aldosterone = hold on to Na+ and lose K+

37
Q

Proximate convoluted tube (PCT)

A

reabsorbs water, ions and organic nutrients

38
Q

Distal convoluted Tube (DCT)

A

secretion of ions, acids, drugs and toxins

selectively reabsorbs water, sodium, & calcium

39
Q

Collecting Duct

A

Selective** reabsorption of water

Selective** secretion or reabsorption of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarb

40
Q

Papillary Duct

A

Delivers urine to minor calyx for transport out

41
Q

glucose in urine=

A

high blood pressure

Anatomy Exam 3 (4 decks)

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