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Review - Basics Flashcards

Basic sciences

1
Q

Which cell wall component increases membrane fluidity

A

Cholesterol

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2
Q

What are the 3 main lipid classes found in the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

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3
Q

What percentages of protein, carbs, and lipid compose the plasma memebrane

A

Protein - 60
Carbs - 1-10
Lipids - 40

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4
Q

What the difference between surface antigens in ABO vs HLA systems

A

ABO - Glycolipids

HLA - Glycoproteins

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5
Q

Name the adhesion molecules that anchor a cell to other cells or the extracellular matrix

A

Desmosome/Hemidesmosomes

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6
Q

Cell-cell occluding junctions that form an impermeable barrier

A

Tight junctions

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7
Q

Toxic portion of the lipopolysaccharide complex

A

Lipid A

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8
Q

Thin filament that interacts with myosin

A

Actin

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9
Q

Thick filament that slide along actin using ATP

A

Myosin

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10
Q

Intermediate filament found in hair and nails

A

Keratin

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11
Q

Intermediate filament found in muscle

A

Desmin

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12
Q

Intermediate filament found in fibroblasts

A

Vimentin

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13
Q

Structural component of cells that synthesizes exported proteins

A

Rough ER

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14
Q

Structural component of cells that detoxifies drugs and is involved in synthesis of lipids/steroids

A

Smooth ER

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15
Q

Structural component of cells that uses carbohydrates to modify proteins and targets proteins to lysosomes

A

Golgi apparatus

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16
Q

Structure inside the cell that has a double membrane with an outer membrane that is contiguous with the rough ER

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Structure inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made

A

Nucleolus

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18
Q

Cell structure responsible for energy production

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

Enzyme involved in unwinding of DNA

A

DNA helicase

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20
Q

Enzyme used to catalyze formation of RNA primers used to initiate DNA synthesis

A

DNA primase

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21
Q

Enzyme that links DNA fragments by degrading RNA primers

A

DNA ligase

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22
Q

Type of mutation that results in a single AA change from a point mutation

A

Missense mutation

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23
Q

Type of mutation resulting from a change in a single base pair

A

Point mutation

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24
Q

Type of mutation occuring from a point mutation that results in replacement of an AA with a stop codon

A

Nonsense mutation

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25
Type of mutation that occurs with the addition or deletion of a few base pairs
Frameshift mutation
26
Most critical component in neovascularization in tumor metastases
VEGF receptor (vascular endothelial growth factor)
27
Overall number of ATP generated from 1 molecule of glucose
38 ATP (36 from Krebs, 2 from from glycolysis
28
Most variable part of the cell cycle that determines cycle length
G1
29
Part of cell cycle where protein synthesis and chromosomal duplication occur
S
30
Phases of the cell cycle
G1 - growth S - DNA synthesis G2 - Growth and prep for mitosis M - Mitosis (cell division)
31
Growth factor affect the cell during this phase of the cell cycle
G1
32
Phase between S and M phase
G2
33
Part of cell cycle where nucleus divides
M
34
Tumor cells are most sensitive to radiation during this stage of cell cycle
M
35
Phases of mitosis
``` Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telephase ```
36
Phase of mitosis where chromosomes shorten, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear and spindle apparatus forms
Prophase
37
Phase of mitosis where centromeres align on equatorial plate, spindle fibers attach to centromeres and centromeres duplicate
Metaphase
38
Phase of mitosis where chromatids migrate to opposite poles
Anaphase
39
Phase of mitosis when nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense
Telephase
40
Which coagulation factor has the shortest half life
F7
41
Which coagulation factor can be used to differentiate a consumptive coagulopathy vs hepatocellular disease
F8
42
Which factors are known as labile factors (activity loss in stored blood)
F5 and F8
43
Which factors cross links fibrin
F13
44
What does vWF do
Links collagen to Gp1b receptors on plts
45
What is the function of antithrombin 3 (AT3)
Bind heparin | Inhibits F9, F10, F11, and F2 (thrombin)
46
Sequence of physiologic reactions that mediate hemostasis following vascular injury
Vasoconstriction Platelet activation/adherence, aggregation Thrombin formation
47
What is Virchow triad
Stasis Endothelial injury Hypercoagulability
48
MCC of acquired hypercoagulability
Smoking
49
Most common inherited hypercoagulable state
Factor V Leiden
50
What is the treatment for hyperhomocysteinemia
Vit B12 and Folate
51
What i the lifespan of a platelet
7-10days
52
Formation of a platelet plug requires these 2 electrolytes
Calcium and Magnesium
53
Plt count needed before surgery
>50k
54
Plt count associated with spont bleeding
<20k
55
Plt count when one should give prophylactic transfusion
<10k
56
NSAIDs act by inhibiting
Plt aggregation
57
Uremia leads to a downregulation of
vWF GpIb GpIIb/IIIa
58
Drug that can be given to help correct plt dysfunction from uremia, bypass or ASA
Desmopressin
59
DDAVP helps uremic bleeding by stimulating the release of
vWF and F7
60
Normal lifepan of a RBC
120 dys
61
Electrolyte likely to fall after infusion of stored blood
Calcium (ionized)
62
How does stored blood decrease ionized Ca
Citrate in stored blood binds calcium
63
Most common blood product to contain bacterial contamination
Platelets
64
Most common bacterial type found in stored plts
Gram positive organism
65
True or False, washed RBCs can be given to pt who has had severe allergic reaction to plasma
True, very little plasma proteins in washed RBCs
66
1U pRBC increase Hgb and Hct by
Hgb 1g/dL | Hct 3-4%
67
Which fluid cannot be infused with RBCs and why
LR, calcium in LR may induce coagulation in the IV line
68
What does cryoprecipitate contain
vWF, F8 and fibrinogen
69
What does FFP contain
All factors including F5 and F7, protein C & S and AT-III
70
Which factor crosses placenta
F8
71
Most common congenital bleeding disorder
von Willerbrand dz
72
Factor deficient in hemophilia A
F8
73
Coagulation study elevated in hemophilia A
PTT
74
Factor deficient in hemophilia B
F9
75
Inheritance of hemophilia A & B
Sex-linked recessive
76
Inheritance of vW diease
Autosomal dominant
77
Tx of vW dz
Cryo or DDAVP
78
Which type of vW dieaese does DDAVP not work
Type 2
79
What are the types of vW Dz and what is their descriptive issue
Type 1 - decrease vWF/F8 (quantitative) Type 2 - functional defect in vWF/receptor (qualitative) Type 3 - Absent vWF/F8
80
Rosenthal syndrome is deficiency of which factor, what i the treatment
F11; Tx - Plasma
81
Stuart-Prower deficiency is deficiency of which factors
F7 and F10
82
What receptor deficiency is found in Glanzmann thrombocytopenia
GpIIb/IIIa
83
What receptor deficiency is found in Bernard-Soulier dz
GpIb
84
Tx for Glanzmann and Bernard Soulier dz
Plts
85
What is the half-life of heparin
90mins
86
Factors reduced and responsible for warfarin induced sin necrosis
Protein C & S
87
Pt with this deficiency are at increased risk for warfarin induced skin necrosis
Protein C deficiency
88
What is the length of Coumadin anticoag tx for 1st, 2nd and 3rd DVT?
1st - 6 mos 2nd - 1 yr 3rd - lifetime

Fiser Absite (14 decks)

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