Review Deck Flashcards
(150 cards)
0
Q
Human Geography
A
A major divison of geography; the spacial analysis of human population, its cultures, and landscapes.
1
Q
Location theory
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An attempt to expain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the way producing areas are related.
2
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Pandemic
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An outbreak of disease that spreads worldwide.
3
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Epidemic
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Regional outbreaks of a disease.
4
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Sense of place
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State of mind gotten from assigning emotions and meaning to a place by remembering important events or assigning character to the place.
5
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Spatial Interaction
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The exchange of goods between two regions.
6
Q
Functional Region
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A region defined by the activities within it.
7
Q
Formal region
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A region marked by a degree of sameness of in a phrnomena.
8
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Perceptual Region
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A concept of a region can vary depending on the group/people
9
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Connectivity
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The degree of direct linkage between one location and the others in a transport network.
10
Q
GPS vs. GIS
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The GPS shows the absolute loaction of geographic phenomena, and the GIS gives information about the phenomena.
11
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Relative vs Absolute location
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Relative location would be how far a certian location is from your current point, while absolute loaction is the lad/long coordinates on a map of the location.
12
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Remote sensing
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Method of collecting data through use of instruments that are distant for the area of study.
13
Q
Isotherm
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Line on a map conmecting places of equal temprature values.
14
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Political ecology
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A way to study evorinmental issues with respect to political contexts.
15
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Cultural Ecology
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Thr study of how a culture interacts with its environment
16
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Soil Erosion
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The wareing away of the soil due to wind/water
17
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Biodiversity
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The verity of plant/animal spieces in a region
18
Q
Acid rain
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A growing environmental peril were acidified rainwater falls.
19
Q
Global warming
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Theory that the climate is gradually changing as a result of an enhanced greenhouse effect.
20
Q
Montreal Portocal
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An international agreement signed in 1987 by 105 countries and the EU. Calls for the reduction of CFCs.
21
Q
Immanual Kant
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Defined geography as the study of interrelated spacial patterns.
22
Q
Erostosthenes
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Accurately calculated the circumfrance of the earth. Was the second libraian of the great library of alexandria.
23
Q
Ptolemy
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Developed the forrunner of laditude/longetude
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Idrisi
Collected geographic info and made a remarkably accurate represetation of the world.
25
George Perkins Marsh
Focused on the impact of humans on the natural environment.
26
Mercator vs Robinson projection
The Mercator projection is straight and has more accurate laditude/longetude lines and the Robinson projection is round and has more accurate land masses.
27
Local Scale
Local scale is things that happen in one's immediate area.
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Global scale
Global scale are things that effect the world.
29
Local-Global contiumn
When something on a local scale has an effect on the global scale and vice versa.
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Site vs Situation
Site is the physical characteristics of a place and the situation is the location of the place relative to other places.
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Rectilinear pattern
When some geographic phenomena occur in a rectangle
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Centerilized pattern
When geographic phenomena occur surronding an object
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Core region
Has distinct characteristics that set it apart from the sprest of the region
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Periferary region
A region's margins. It is less detailed, and as such, isn't payed attention to.
35
Multinational coorperations
Coorperations that have gone beyond their original contry. Ususally have centers of opperation in other nations.
36
Population density
The number of people per given unit of land.
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Arithmetic population density
The population of a contry or area expressed as an average per unit.
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Physiological population density
The number of people per unit of arable land
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Population distrubution
Locations on the earth's serface where populations live
40
Doubling time
The tiem required for a population to double
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Natural increase
Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths
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Total fertility rate
How many children per woman
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Infant mortality rate
A figure that discribes how many infants die within a year if their birth.
44
Crude birth rate
The number of live births yearly per thousands of people ins population.
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Crude death rate
The number of deaths yearly per thousands of people in a population.
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Demographic transition model
Multistage model based on Western Europe's experiances of population growth by industruslizing countries.
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Stationary population level
The level at which the population ceases to grow.
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Population compisition
Pop compistion is important because if the population is too old or too young it will have a worse economy, and if there is an excess of women there has most likely been a war, and an excess of men mean female infanticides.
49
Population pyramids
Can seen the demographics and draw conclusions
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Thomas mathus
Believed that population grows exponentially and food grows linearly.
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Neo-mathusians
Still believe that an overly large population will run out of food.
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Endemic
a disease particular to a locality or region
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Expansive population policies
The government encourages population growth
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Eugenic population policies
The government discourges the growth of a particular race's population.
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One-child policy
Maoist china only allowed parents to have one child.
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Arable land
Land someone can farm
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Carrying capacity
The most people an environment can support.
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Chain migration
Migration of people to places where their kin are
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Intra-regional migration
Migrating to another place within the same region.
60
Step migration
Migration that occurs in stages.
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Net-migration
Differance between emmigrants and immigrants
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Agricultural revolution
The transition from a hunter-gather lifestyle to a agricultural life style
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Dislocation
Someone that is forcibly removed fromits homeland
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Distance decay
The effect of distance on interaction
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Emigration vs Imigration
Emigration-migrating out of a country, imigration-migrating into a country. The environment, jobs, and family are all common causes of migration.
66
Gravity model
Interactions are proportional to the multiplication of the two populations devided by the distance.
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Industrial revolution
The industrial revolution happend late 1800s and revolutionized how people live, espically in europe, southeast asia, and north america.
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Remittances
Money migrants send home to their families
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Cyclic movements
Movement that has a constant rate and is repeated anually/seasonally.
70
Periodic movement
Movement that involves temporary, recurring relocation.
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Nomadism
Movement among a definite set of places.
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Transhumance
A seasonal movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland.
73
Laws of migration
Net migration is a fraction of gross migration btwen 2 places, mor mgrants mve shrt dist., lnger dist=cities, urban=less mgrtry, fam=less mve internat, many imgrants mve shrter dist. Then organly thought
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Kinship links
Push/pull factors that influance a migrant's dicision on where to go.
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Islands of development
Places bulit by cooperations/the government meant to attract foreign investment.
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Asylum
Shelter/protection from one state for refugees of another state.
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Genocide
The deliberate killing of a large group of people, usually of an ethnic group.
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Reparation
Refugees returning to their home countries with the help of an organization.
79
Gender
Social differences between men and women, rather than the biological difference between the sexes. Gender differences vary largely over time and space.
80
Identity
Gillian Rose- how we define ourselves. How people see themselves on different scales.
81
Race
A catagory of humans based on physical characteristics. Based on idea that some biological differences are more important than others. Term is assosiated with european colonializm.
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Ethnicity
Affiliation or identity within a group of people bounded by common ansestory and culture.
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Place vs Space
Place: Uniqueness of a location Space: social relations streached out.
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Residental segregation
The degree to which two or more groups live separately from eachother in different parts of an urban environment.
85
Queer theory
Highlights the contextual nature of oppression to the heteronormative focuses on the political engagement of the queers with the heteronormative.
86
Barrioization
The dramatic increase of the hispanic population in a neighborhood.
87
GEM
Gender Empowerment Measure- how amny women have jobs in a country
88
Cultural Landscape
The visual imprint of a culture on the environment.
89
Sequencent Occupance
The notion that successive societies leave their imprints on places and each contribute to the cumulative cultural landscape
90
Culture Complex
A relaxed set of cultural traits
91
Cultural Hearth
The place where a major culture comes from
92
Carl Sauer
The father of diffusion
93
Time-Distance Decay
The declining decree of acceptance of an idea with increasing distance and time from the hearth.
94
Folk culture
Cultural traits of small, traditional communities
95
Popular Culture
Cultural traits that are identified as a part of today's urban-based, media-influanced, western societies.
96
Local Culture
Group of people in a place that share cultural traits and try to keep them.
97
Assimilation
The process by which people lose their culturally-defining traits when they come into contact with another culture.
98
Cultural Appropriation
The process by which cultures adopt other culture's traits and customes and use them for their own benefit.
99
Neolocalism
The seeking out of the regional culture and reinvigorating it in response to the modern world
100
Commodification
The process by which something that wasn't sold before is given monetary value
101
Authenticity
In local cultures, the accuracy with which stereotypes conveys an otherwise dynamic and complex local culture and its customs
102
Reterritorialization
When people within a place start producing an aspect of pop culture themselves, and make it their own.
103
Glocalization
The process by which people in a local place mediate and alter regional, naional, and global porcesses.
104
Folk-housing regions
The buliding style relflects the culture.
105
Cultural Ecology vs Cultural Geography
Cultural ecology centers on interactions with the environment and cultural geography is the actual landscape.
106
Environmental Determinism
The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence of human nature
107
Acculturation
The adoption of the behavior of the surronding culture,
108
Enculturation
The gradual acceptance of the norms of another culture.
109
Syncretism
The fusion of thr old and the new
110
Cultural reletivism
Evaluating a culture by its own standards
111
Ethnocentrism
Evaluating a culture by your culture's standards.
112
Standard language
The language that the country's elite premotes in public lofe
113
Offical language
The language that is taught in schools in a multilingual country.
114
Dialect
Local/regional characteristics of a language.
115
Isogloss
A geographic boundry within which a particular linguistic phenomena occurs.
116
Language families
Groups of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin.
117
Sub-families
Divisons within a language family with more commonalities and a more recent ancestor
118
Sound-shift
Slight changes to a word across languages within a family or sub family.
119
Proto-indo-european
The eariliest known language, and latin, greek, and sandscrit belong to it
120
Deep reconstruction
Uses the vocabulary of an extinct language to re create it, then recreate its predessor
121
Backward reconstruction
The tracking of a sound shifts and harding consenants backward to origin language
122
Nostratic language
Language thought to be the predessor to proto-indoeuro, kartuelian, uralic-attic, and dravadian language families
123
Language divergence/convergence
Divergence-new lang. From one lang. Being separated completely from other speakers and developing on its own. Convergence- two languages that constantly interact spacially become one
124
Renfrew Hypothesis
Three areas near the Fertile Crescent gave rise to indo-euro, north arfican, and arabian language families, as well as languages in present Iran, Afganistan, Pakistan, and India.
125
Conquest theory
Early protoindoeuro speakers spread west on horseback/overpowered inhabitants/started diffusion of protoindoeuro
126
Dispersal theory
Protoindoeuro languages first went to SW china, around the caspian sea, across russia-ukrainian plains, into balkans
127
Romance languages
Languages that originate from latin
128
Germainc languages
Languages that relfect the explantion of people from north and south europe
129
Slavic languages
Languages from ukraine 2000
130
Linga franca
Refers to a common language used among people who speak different languages
131
Pidgin languages
When parts of two languages are combined and are spoken as a language of trade
132
Creole language
A pidign language that becomes a mother tounge
133
Hinduism
Oldest religion, caste system. Rebirth, karma. Indus river valley.
134
Buddhism
Indian subcontinant. Nervana acheved through denial of greed. The buddha.
135
Islam
Youngest religion. Believe in god, fear god. Qu'ran. Muhummed was a prophet of God (Allah).
136
Christianity
God. Love thy neighbor. Jarusalem. Jesus was the son of god. Heaven/Hell
137
Judahism
God made a covedent with abraham. Jews only believe in god. Peaceful. Issac. Jarusalem.
138
Sikhism
India. A combination of Hinduism and Islam. Believe in god, reincarnation, karma. Youngest religion.
139
Universalizing Religions
Religions that actively seek converts. Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism all examples.
140
Ethnic religions
Religon that is oarticular to one ethnicity and does not actively seek converts.
141
Disaspora
Dispersal of people from a place, usually used to refer to the Jews
142
Zionism
Movement to unite Jews and establish a homeland
143
Sunni vs Shiite
Sunni- majority, believe religious leaders should lead after Muhammed. Shiite- believe that Muhammed's son should lead
144
Secularism
Moral standards are for life on earth, not for a god or an afterlife
145
Interfaith boundries
Boundries between two major religions
146
Intrafaith boundries
Bondries within a major religon
147
Ethnic cleansing
The systemmatic killing of an enitre people/nation
148
Marxism
Uses communism as an ideology vs a type of economy
149
Humanism
Ability of humans to guide their own lives.
