Review PP 4-7Chps

Question 1

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- nucleus

Answer 1

prokaryotes-pre nucleus

eukaryotes- true nucleus

Question 2

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- DNA

Answer 2

prokaryotes

• DNA is not enclosed within a membrane
• DNA is singular and circularly arranged chromosome
• No histones in DNA

Eukaryotes

• DNA is found in cells nucleus
• DNA is found in multiple chromosomes
• DNA can have chromosomal proteins histones and nonhistones

Question 3

what are histones?

Answer 3

special chromosomal proteins found in eukaryotes

Question 4

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- organelles

Answer 4

prokaryotes

• generally lack organelles
• eukaryotes have multiple membrane enclosed organelles

Question 5

what membrane enclosed organelles do eukaryotes have

Answer 5

mitochondria
ER
Golgi
Lysosomes

Question 6

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- cell walls

Answer 6

prokaryotes
-cell walls contain the complex polysaccharide peptidoglycan

eukaryotes
- some have cell walls are chemically simple

Question 7

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- cell division

Answer 7

prokaryote- cells divide by binary division (DNA is copied, cell splits into two cells)

eukaryote-
cells divide through mitosis (chromosomes replicate and split)

Question 8

similarities of prokaryote and eukaryote

Answer 8

both have 
DNA
plasma membrane 
cytoplasm 
ribosomes

Question 9

plasma membrane is found

Answer 9

closest to the cytoplasm

then… cell wall then… capsule

Question 10

plasmid

Answer 10

fragments of DNA

Question 11

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- plasmid

Answer 11

prokaryote
-plasmid is common
eukaryote
-plasmid is rare

Question 12

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- unicellular or multicellular

Answer 12

prokaryote
-unicellular
eukaryote
-mostly multicellular

Question 13

transduction

Answer 13

The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by bacteriophage.

Question 14

transformation

Answer 14

The process from which genes are transferred from one bacterium to another as a “naked” DNA solution OR the changing of a normal cell into a cancerous cell

Question 15

meisosis

Answer 15

a eukaryotic cell replication processes that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells

Question 16

binary fission

Answer 16

prokaryotic cell reproduction by division into two daughter cells

Question 17

conjugation

Answer 17

the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell to cell contact

Question 18

Bacteriophage

Answer 18

a virus that infects bacterial cells

Question 19

gram positive vs gram negative cell membrane

Answer 19

gram positive cell membrane is much thinner and
gram negative is thicker…
an outer membrane on top of the pep

Question 20

lysosomes

Answer 20

an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing bacterial cell walls

Question 21

mitochondria

Answer 21

power house of cell. provides energy via krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Question 22

golgi complex

Answer 22

secretes protiens

Question 23

ER

Answer 23

connects nucleus… nuclear membrane and plasma membrane

Question 24

Centrosome

Answer 24

contains protein fibers and pair of centrioles; involved in formation of the mitotic spindle

Question 25

Ribosomes

Answer 25

site of protein synthesis in the cell composed of RNA and protein

Question 26

conjugation

Answer 26

sex selection in bacteria female cell can turn a male cell into female via conjugation

Question 27

gram negative make up

Answer 27

bilayer at the base and then 60 units (periplasma) with little sugar carbons (back bone structure for protiens... NAM and NAG) and then another bilayer (lipid polysaccharide layer) , which gives off to lipid A, core polysaccharide and o polysaccharide

Question 28

gram negative vs gram post dye color

Answer 28

reddish pink

Question 29

how many subunits does gram positive and gram negative have

Answer 29

gram positive 3 | gram negative 60

Question 30

what are porins

Answer 30

are protein channels that help gram negative cells to transport what ever the cell needs