Review Questions Flashcards
(22 cards)
What does LUCA mean?
Last universal common ancestor
What portion of the Earth is estimated to house the majority of life?
Subsurface biosphere
Who disproved spontaneous generation?
Pasteur
Who proved the causative action of microbes on disease via pure culture experiments?
Koch
List three ways (with examples) that microbes beneficially impact humans/ human society
Beer
Agriculture
Biomediation
What is srRNA? What is it commonly used for? Why?
Small subunit ribosomal RNA is commonly used for phylogenetic comparisons because it is universal and highly conserved
Draw a simplified version of the universal phylogenetic tree of life, indicating the following items: LUCA, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Luca, first branch - Bacteria Second branch spits into Archea and Eukaryote
What is does the theory of Endosymbiosis propose and what is one piece of supportive evidence?
The theory of Endosymbiosis proposes that cellular complexity, such as membrane bound organelles, has arisen through evolution by natural selection selecting for a mutually beneficial relationships between two previously independent organisms that now cohabitate. The Eukaryote is a chimera, as indicated by its mitochondria resembling bacteria Mitochondrion DNA lacks histones and is not membrane bound
What are the structural differences between gram-positive and gram-negative Bacteria?
Gram+ Exterior peptidogylcan layer
Gram - The outer layer is not peptidoglycan
What are the structural differences between Bacteria and Archaea?
Bacteria - Lipid bi-layer ONLY
Ester linkages ONLY
can have peptidoglycan
Archea
Ether linkages
S-Layers
Which domain of life is each of the following figures depicting the flagella structure?
Be able to compare/contrast
Know how the facilitate bacterial motility in response to a chemical attractant
a
Which domain of life is each of the following figures depicting the flagella structure?
Be able to compare/contrast
Know how the facilitate bacterial motility in response to a chemical attractant
Which domain of life is each of the following figures depicting the flagella structure?
Be able to compare/contrast
Know how the facilitate bacterial motility in response to a chemical attractant
a
What is the relationship between Chlamydias and animal cells?
What are the two main branches of Archaea?
What is the relationship between Nanoarchaeum and Ignicoccus?
What are three main classifications of Eukaryotic microorganisms?
•ΔG of reaction is -50kJ
–Does this reaction require energy or release energy?
–Is this reaction exergonic or endergonic?
Release
Exergonic
Reduction is the removal or gain of electrons?
Gain
Having a negative reduction potential (E0’-0.6V)means that an element is likely to donate or receive electrons?
Donate
What element is key to the electron transport chain because it can be both an electron donor and electron receiver when interacting with different species of different reduction potentials?
Iron
